Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Phone number
+31 (0)222 36 9401
Location
Texel
Department
Ocean Systems (OCS)
Function
Scientist

Dr. Henko de Stigter

Scientist

‘Mitigating the damage caused by deep-sea mining’

Marine geologist Henko de Stigter investigates the possible effects of harvesting “manganese nodules” from the deep sea. ‘So far, the harvest of nodules is not yet economically viable. Extensive research into this has been done for years. A lot of thought has been given to the legal aspects of harvesting valuable minerals from the “no man's land” on the ocean floor that is effectively nobody’s property, but we still know little about the ecological impact. Therefore, the time is right to investigate the potential impact of that harvest and to limit this impact wherever possible by adapting the harvesting equipment of the future.’

Cobblestones on the ocean floor

‘Several kilometres below the surface, manganese nodules are spread out over millions of square kilometres of the ocean floor. They lie on the surface like Belgian cobblestones and are therefore – relatively! – easy to harvest. The main component of the nodules, which are several centimetres in diameter on average, is manganese, but there is far more economic interest in the fraction of a percent of cobalt that the nodules also contain. Cobalt is already a valuable metal for the production of batteries, and with the emergence of batteries for transport and industry, that interest will only grow. Now, most cobalt comes from conflict areas such as the Democratic Republic of Congo.’

Potato harvester

‘In all probability, the harvesting equipment of the future will be a kind of potato harvester that travels over the ocean floor on caterpillar tracks. Considering the rate at which these nodules develop, the damage caused by this will literally take thousands or even millions of years to restore. Furthermore, the harvesting equipment will unavoidably cause a plume of sediment in an environment where such “dust clouds” normally never occur. These dust clouds will have an enormous impact on the deep-sea life that has to filter the ever-scarce food from the water and already lives on the edge of existence. With our research, we will have to establish how great that impact will be and what can be done to mitigate this damage. If, over the next few decades, it actually comes to the nodules being harvested, then that can best be done in a manner which causes as little damage as possible to the environment.’

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Linked news

Tuesday 19 November 2019
Successful field trial of a scaled seabed mining vehicle on board RV Sarmiento de Gamboa
On 26 August 2019 a research team of the European Blue Nodules project onboard the Spanish research vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa returned to port at Málaga, southern Spain, after a successful two-week trial at sea with Apollo II, a scaled test model of…
Thursday 27 September 2018
Diepzeemijnbouw veroorzaakt langdurige schade aan het ecosysteem
[English below Dutch] Het winnen van mangaanknollen in de diepzee levert langdurige milieuschade op. Dat concludeert NIOZ-onderzoekster Tanja Stratmann in haar proefschrift 'Benthic ecosystem response to polymetallic nodule extraction in the deep…
Friday 31 August 2018
First field trials of seabed mining project Blue Nodules successful
During a two-week trial cruise in the Gulf of Malaga on board the Spanish research vessel Sarmiento de Gamboa, technical performance and environmental effects of the mining crawler Apollo II built by IHC Mining have been successfully tested.
Thursday 19 October 2017
Transparant milieubeheer diepzeemijnbouw nodig | Deep-sea mining requires transparent environmental management
[English version under Dutch version] Wat zijn de gevolgen voor ecosystemen in de diepzee als de winning van mariene ertsafzettingen start? Kan dergelijke diepzeemijnbouw op milieuvriendelijke wijze worden uitgevoerd? En hoe kunnen mijnbouwregels…

Linked blogs

Wednesday 10 July 2024
Education@NIOZ: Marine Masters Summer Course 2024
From July 7 to 19, the NIOZ Marine Masters Summer Course (MaMa course) will be held at NIOZ Texel. This year, 36 students from 12 universities across Europe will participate, representing diverse programs: Climate Physics, (marine) Biology, Molecular…
Friday 09 April 2021
NIOZ podcast Van delta tot Diepzee aflevering 10 De diepzee als mijn
Prof. Dr. Gert-Jan Reichart beklimt het torentje van het NIOZ om te praten over diepzeemijnbouw en CO2. Op het moment dat we dit gesprek opnemen is, meer dan 10.000 kilometer van Texel verwijderd, de NIOZ geoloog Henko de Stigter op het Noorse…
Friday 12 July 2019
Education@NIOZ: Marine Masters Summer Course 2019
This July, the NIOZ Marine Masters Summer Course already takes place for the 11th time. More than thirty master & advanced bachelor students from Dutch and international universities dive into the world of multidisciplinary marine research at NIOZ.…
Thursday 13 June 2019
NIOZ@SEA | Joining the MiningImpact2 expedition of RV Sonne
The arrival of the German research vessel Sonne in the port of Vancouver, Canada, on Monday 27 May, marked the end of a 3-months scientific expedition to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. Four NIOZ scientists…
Monday 09 July 2018
Education@NIOZ: Marine Masters Summer Course 2018
This July, the NIOZ Marine Masters Summer Course already takes place for the 10th time. Thirty-one master & advanced bachelor students from Dutch, German, Belgian, Swedish and Austrian universities dive into the world of multidisciplinary marine…
Friday 20 October 2017
Saharan dust and Amazon freshwaters cause algal blooms
New findings suggest that both Saharan dust and freshwater from the Amazon may have led to algal blooms in the western equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Those are the conclusions of a new paper published by Catarina Guerreiro and colleagues in the…
Friday 14 July 2017
Education@NIOZ: Marine Masters Summer Course 2017
During the NIOZ Marine Masters Summer Course, 35 master & advanced bachelor students from Dutch, German, Spanish and French universities explore what marine research at NIOZ is about. With the western Wadden Sea as hands-on research area, the…
Wednesday 14 June 2017
New dust paper by Catarina Guerreiro accepted in Biogeosciences
New dust paper by Catarina Guerreiro accepted for Biogeosciences Discussions
Sunday 28 May 2017
NIOZ@Sea: Whittard Canyon Expedition
The unknown role of Submarine canyons – Pathways or sinks for Organic Carbon? Follow the blogs of NIOZ researchers aboard R.V. Pelagia as they cruise the Whittard Canyon complex situated in the Bay of Biscay.

NIOZ publications

  • 2023
    Mil-Homens, M.; Almeida, C. M. R.; Dias, S.; Soares, W.; van Gaever, P.; de Stigter, H.; Santos, M.N.; Santana, A.; Freitas, M.; Abrantes, F.; Caetano, M. (2023). Spatial distribution and temporal trends of butyltin compounds (TBT, DBT & MBT) in short sediment cores of the SW Portuguese Shelf (western Iberian Margin, NE Atlantic). Sci. Total Environ. 900: 165872. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165872
    Haalboom, S.; de Stigter, H.; Mohn, C.; Vandorpe, T.; Smit, M.; de Jonge, L.; Reichart, G.-J. (2023). Monitoring of a sediment plume produced by a deep-sea mining test in shallow water, Málaga Bight, Alboran Sea (southwestern Mediterranean Sea). Mar. Geol. 456: 106971. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2022.106971
  • 2022
    Purkiani, K.; Haeckel, M.; Haalboom, S.; Schmidt, K.; Urban, P.; Gazis, I.-Z.; de Stigter, H.; Paul, A.; Walter, M.; Vink, A. (2022). Impact of a long-lived anticyclonic mesoscale eddy on seawater anomalies in the northeastern tropical Pacific Ocean: a composite analysis from hydrographic measurements, sea level altimetry data, and reanalysis model products. Ocean Sci. 18(4): 1163-1181. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-18-1163-2022
    Haalboom, S.; Schoening, T.; Urbanus, P.; Gazis, I.-Z.; De Stigter, H.; Gillard, B.; Baeye, M.; Hollstein, M.; Purkiani, K.; Reichart, G.-J.; Thomsen, L.; Haeckel, M.; Vink, A.; Greinert, J. (2022). Monitoring of anthropogenic sediment plumes in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone, NE Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 9: 882155. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.882155
    Helmons, R.; de Wit, L.; de Stigter, H.; Spearman, J. (2022). Dispersion of benthic flumes in deep-dea mining: What lessons can be learned from dredging? Front. Earth Sci. 10: e868701. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.868701
    Weaver, P.P.E.; Aguzzi, J.; Boschen-Rose, R.E.; Colaco, A.; de Stigter, H.; Gollner, S.; Haeckel, M.; Hauton, C.; Helmons, R.; Jones, D.O.B.; Lily, H.; Mestre, N.C.; Mohn, C.; Thomsen, L. (2022). Assessing plume impacts caused by polymetallic nodule mining vehicles. Mar. Policy 139: 105011. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105011
    Baeye, M.; Purkiani, K.; de Stigter, H.; Gillard, B.; Fettweis, M.; Greinert, J. (2022). Tidally driven dispersion of a deep-sea sediment plume originating from seafloor disturbance in the DISCOL Area (SE-Pacific Ocean). Geosciences 12(1): 8. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences12010008
    Zwier, M.; van der Bilt, W.G.M.; de Stigter, H.; Bjune, A.E. (2022). Pollen evidence of variations in Holocene climate and Southern Hemisphere Westerly Wind strength on sub-Antarctic South Georgia. Holocene 32(2): 147-158. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09596836211060495
  • 2021
    Purkiani, K.; Gillard, B.; Paul, A.; Haeckel, M.; Haalboom, S.; Greinert, J.; de Stigter, H.; Hollstein, M.; Baeye, M.; Vink, A.; Thomsen, L.; Schulz, M. (2021). Numerical simulation of deep-sea sediment transport induced by a dredge experiment in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Front. Mar. Sci. 8: 719463. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.719463
    Haalboom, S.; de Stigter, H.; Duineveld, G.; van Haren, H.; Reichart, G.-J.; Mienis, F. (2021). Suspended particulate matter in a submarine canyon (Whittard Canyon, Bay of Biscay, NE Atlantic Ocean): Assessment of commonly used instruments to record turbidity. Mar. Geol. 434: 106439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106439
    Mil-Homens, M.; Brito, P.; Caetano, M.; Costa, A.M.; Lebreiro, S.; Trancoso, M.; de Stigter, H. (2021). Influence of diagenetic processes and terrestrial/anthropogenic sources in the REE contents of the Cascais submarine canyon (Iberian western coast). Sci. Total Environ. 773: 145539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145539
  • 2020
    Haffert, L.; Haeckel, M.; de Stigter, H.; Janssen, F. (2020). Assessing the temporal scale of deep-sea mining impacts on sediment biogeochemistry. Biogeosciences 17(10): 2767-2789. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2767-2020
    Haalboom, S.; Price, D.M.; Mienis, F.; van Bleijswijk, J.D.L.; de Stigter, H.; Witte, H.J.; Reichart, G.-J.; Duineveld, G.C.A. (2020). Patterns of (trace) metals and microorganisms in the Rainbow hydrothermal vent plume at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Biogeosciences 17(9): 2499-2519. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2499-2020
    Edelman-Furstenberg; Kidwell, S.M.; de Stigter, H.C. (2020). Mixing depths and sediment accumulation rates on an arid tropical shelf based on fine-fraction 210Pb analysis. Mar. Geol. 425: 106198. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106198
    Costa-Böddeker, S.; Thuyên, L.X.; Hoelzmann, P.; de Stigter, H.C.; van Gaever, P.; Huy, H.D.; Smol, J.P.; Schwalb, A. (2020). Heavy metal pollution in a reforested mangrove ecosystem (Can Gio Biosphere Reserve, Southern Vietnam): Effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors over a thirty-year history. Sci. Total Environ. 716: 137035. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137035
    Klunder, L.; De Stigter, H.; Lavaleye, M.S.S.; van Bleijswijk, J.D.L.; van der Veer, H.W.; Reichart, G.-J.; Duineveld, G.C.A. (2020). A molecular approach to explore the background benthic fauna around a hydrothermal vent and their larvae: Implications for future mining of deep-sea SMS deposits. Front. Mar. Sci. 7: 134. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00134
  • 2019
    van de Velde, S.; Jorissen, E.L.; Neubauer, T.A.; Radan, S.; Pavel, A.B.; Stoica, M.; Van Baak, C.G.C.; Martínez Gándara, A.; Popa, L.; De Stigter, H.; Abels, H.A.; Krijgsman, W.; Wesselingh, F.P. (2019). A conservation palaeobiological approach to assess faunal response of threatened biota under natural and anthropogenic environmental change. Biogeosciences 16(12): 2423-2442. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2423-2019
    van Wijk, J.M.; Haalboom, S.; de Hoog, E.; de Stigter, H.; Smit, M. (2019). Impact fragmentation of polymetallic nodules under deep ocean pressure conditions. Minerals Engineering 134: 250-260. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.02.015
  • 2018
    Costa-Böddeker, S.; Thuyên, L.X.; Hoelzmann, P.; de Stigter, H.C.; van Gaever, P.; Schwalb, A. (2018). The hidden threat of heavy metal pollution in high sedimentation and highly dynamic environment: Assessment of metal accumulation rates in the Thi Vai Estuary, Southern Vietnam. Environ. Pollut. 242: 348-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.096
  • 2017
    Malkin, S.Y.; Seitaj, D.; Burdorf, L.D.W.; Nieuwhof, S.; Hidalgo-Martinez, S.; Tramper, A.; Geeraert, N.; De Stigter, H.; Meysman, F.J.R. (2017). Electrogenic sulfur oxidation by cable bacteria in bivalve reef sediments. Front. Mar. Sci. 4: 28. https://hdl.handle.net/10.3389/fmars.2017.00028
    van Haren, H.; Hanz, U.; de Stigter, H.; Mienis, F.; Duineveld, G. (2017). Internal wave turbulence at a biologically rich Mid-Atlantic seamount. PLoS One 12(12): e0189720. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189720
    van Haren, H.; Duineveld, G.; De Stigter , H. (2017). Prefrontal bore mixing. Geophys. Res. Lett. 44(18): 9408-9415. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074384
    Guerreiro, C.V.; Baumann, K.-H.; Brummer, G.-J. A.; Fischer, G.; Korte, L.F.; Merkel, U.; Sá, C.; de Stigter, H.; Stuut, J.-B.W. (2017). Coccolithophore fluxes in the open tropical North Atlantic: influence of thermocline depth, Amazon water, and Saharan dust. Biogeosciences 14(20): 4577-4599. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4577-2017
    Zohar, I.; Teutsch, N.; Levin, N.; Mackin, G.; de Stigter, H.; Bookman, R. (2017). Urbanization effects on sediment and trace metals distribution in an urban winter pond (Netanya, Israel). J. Soils Sediments 17(8): 2165-2176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1679-3
  • 2016
    Luo, M.; Dale, A. W.; Haffert, L.; Haeckel, M.; Koch, S.; Crutchley, G.; De Stigter , H.; Chen, D.; Greinert, J. (2016). A quantitative assessment of methane cycling in Hikurangi Margin sediments (New Zealand) using geophysical imaging and biogeochemical modeling. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 17: 4817–4835. dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016GC006643
    Best, M.M.R.; Favali, P.; Beranzoli, L.; Blandin, J.; Cagatay, N.M.; Cannat, M.; Dañobeitia, J.J.; Delory, E.; de Miranda, J.M.A.; Del Rio Fernandez, J.; De Stigter , H.; Gillooly, M.; Grant, F.; Hall, P.O.J.; Hartman, S.E.; Hernandez-Brito, J.; Lanteri, N.; Mienert, J.; Oaie, G.; Piera, J.; Radulescu, V.; Rolin, J.-F.; Ruhl, H.A.; Waldmann, C. (2016). The EMSO-ERIC Pan-European Consortium: Data Benefits and Lessons Learned as the Legal Entity Forms. Mar. Technol. Soc. J. 50(3): 8-15. dx.doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.50.3.13
    Bareket, M.M.; Bookman, R.; Katsman, R.; de Stigter, H.; Herut, B. (2016). The role of transport processes of particulate mercury in modifying marine anthropogenic secondary sources, the case of Haifa bay, Israel. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 105(1): 286–291. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.014
    Warden, L.; Kim, J.-H; Zell, C.; Vis, G.-J.; de Stigter, H.C.; Bonnin, J.; Sinninghe Damste, J.S. (2016). Examining the provenance of branched GDGTs in the Tagus River drainage basin and its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean over the Holocene to determine their usefulness for paleoclimate applications. Biogeosciences 13: 5719-5738. dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5719-2016
    Amaro, T.; Huvenne, V.A.I.; Allcock, A.L.; Aslam, T.; Davies, J.S.; Danovaro, R.; de Stigter, H.C.; Duineveld, G.C.A.; Gambi, C.; Gooday, A.J.; Gunton, L.M.; Hall, R.; Howell, K.L.; Ingels, J.; Kiriakoulakis, K.; Kershaw, C.E.; Lavaleye, M.; Robert, K.; Stewart, H.; Van Rooij, D.; White, M.; Wilson, A.M. (2016). The Whittard Canyon – a case study of submarine canyon processes. Prog. Oceanogr. 146: 38-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2016.06.003
  • 2015
    Guerreiro, C.; de Stigter, H.; Cachão, M.; Oliveira, A.; Rodrigues, A. (2015). Coccoliths from recent sediments of the central Portuguese margin: Taphonomical and ecological inferences. Mar. Micropaleontol. 114: 55-68. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2014.11.001
    Dessandier, P.-A.; Bonnin, J.; Kim, J.-H.; Bichona, S.; Grémare, A.; Deflandre, B.; de Stigter, H.; Malaizé, B. (2015). Lateral and vertical distributions of living benthic foraminifera off the Douro River (western Iberian margin): Impact of the organic matter quality. Mar. Micropaleontol. 120: 31–45. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2015.09.002
    Sørensen, H.L.; Meire, L.; Juul-Pedersen, T.; de Stigter, H.; Meysman, F.J.R.; Rysgaard, S.; Thamdrup, B.; Glud, R.N. (2015). Seasonal carbon cycling in a Greenlandic fjord: an integrated pelagic and benthic study. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 539: 1-17. https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11503
    Amaro, T.; de Stigter, H.; Lavaleye, M.S.S.; Duineveld, G.C.A. (2015). Organic matter enrichment in the Whittard Channel; its origin and possible effects on benthic megafauna. Deep-Sea Res., Part 1, Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 102: 90-100. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.014
  • 2014
    Zohar, I.; Bookman, R.; Levin, N.; de Stigter, H.; Teutsch, N. (2014). Contamination History of Lead and Other Trace Metals Reconstructed from an Urban Winter Pond in the Eastern Mediterranean Coast (Israel). Environ. Sci. Technol. 48(23): 13592–13600. dx.doi.org/10.1021/es500530x
    Guerreiro, C.; Sá, C.; de Stigter, H.; Oliveira, A.; Cachão, M.; Cros, L.; Borges, C.; Quaresma, L.; Santos, A.I.; Fortuño, J.-M.; Rodrigez, A. (2014). Influence of the Nazaré Canyon, central Portuguese margin, on late winter coccolithophore assemblages. Deep-Sea Res., Part 2, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 104: 335-358. hdl.handle.net/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.011
    de Stigter, H.; Reichart, G.-J. (2014). Diepzee mijnbouw. Cah. Bio.- Wet. Maatsch. kwartaal 2: 67-71
    Best, M.; Favali, P.; Beranzoli, L.; Cannat, M.; Cagatay, Namik; Dañobeitia, J.J.; Delory, E.; de Stigter, H.; Ferré, B.; Gillooly, M.; Grant, F.; Hall, P.O.J.; Lykousis, V.; Mienert, J.; de Miranda, J.M.A.; Oaie, G.; Radulescu, V.; Rolin, J.F.; Ruhl, H.A.; Waldmann, C. (2014). EMSO: A distributed infrastructure for addressing geohazards and global ocean change. Oceanography 27(2): 167–169. dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.52
    Smeulders, G.G.B.; Koho, K.A.; de Stigter, H.C.; Mienis, F.; de Haas, H.; van Weering, T.C.E. (2014). Cold-water coral habitats of Rockall and Porcupine Bank, NE Atlantic Ocean: Sedimentary facies and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. Deep-Sea Res., Part 2, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 99: 270-285. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.10.001
  • 2013
    Jesus, C.C.; de Stigter, H.; Miranda, P.; Oliveira, A.; Rocha, F. (2013). Distribution patterns and enrichment of lead, zinc and copper in surface sediments of the central Portuguese shelf and upper slope. Journal of Iberian Geology 39(2): 335-348. hdl.handle.net/10.5209/rev_JIGE.2013.v39.n2.43196
    Guerreiro, C.; Oliveira, A.; de Stigter, H.; Cachão, M.; Sá, C.; Borges, C.; Cros, L.; Santos, A.; Fortuño, J.M.; Rodrigues, A. (2013). Late winter coccolithophore bloom off central Portugal in response to river discharge and upwelling. Cont. Shelf Res. 59: 65-83. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.04.016
    Mil-Holmens, M.; Blum, J.; Canário, J.; Caetano, M.; Costa, A.M.; Lebreiro, S.M.; Trancoso, M.; Richter, T.O.; de Stigter, H.; Johnson, M.; Branco, V.; Cesário, R.; Mouro, F.; Mateus, M.; Boer, W.; Melo, Z. (2013). Tracing anthropogenic Hg and Pb input using stable Hg and Pb isotope ratios in sediments of the central Portuguese Margin. Chem. Geol. 336: 62-71. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.02.018
  • 2012
    Phipps, M.; Jorissen, F.; Pusceddu, A.; Biamchelli, S.; de Stigter, H. (2012). Live benthic foraminiferal faunas along a bathymetrical transect (282–4987 m) on the Portuguese margin (NE Atlantic). Journal of Foraminiferal Research 42(1): 66-81. dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.42.1.66
    Duros, P.; Fontanier, C.; de Stigter, H.C.; Cesbron, F.; Metzger, E.; Jorissen, F.J. (2012). Live and dead benthic foraminiferal faunas from Whittard Canyon (NE Atlantic): Focus on taphonomic processes and paleo-environmental applications. Mar. Micropaleontol. 94-95: 25-44. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.05.004
    Mienis, F.; De Stigter, H.C.; de Haas, H.; van der Land, C.; van Weering, T.C.E. (2012). Hydrodynamic conditions in a cold-water coral mound area on the Renard Ridge, southern Gulf of Cadiz. J. Mar. Syst. 96-97: 61-71. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.02.002
    Contreras-Rosales, L.A.; Koho, K.A.; Duijnstee, I.A.P.; de Stigter, H.C.; García, R.; Koning, E.; Epping, E. (2012). Living deep-sea benthic foraminifera from the Cap de Creus Canyon (western Mediterranean): Faunal-geochemical interactions. Deep-Sea Res., Part 1, Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 64: 22-42. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2012.01.010
    Morigi, C.; Sabbatini, A.; Vitale, G.; Pancotti, I.; Gooday, A.J.; Duineveld, G.C.A.; de Stigter, H.C.; Danovaro, R.; Negri, A. (2012). Foraminiferal biodiversity associated with cold-water coral carbonate mounds and open slope of SE Rockall Bank (Irish continental margin-NE Atlantic). Deep-Sea Res., Part 1, Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 59: 54-71. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2011.10.004
  • 2011
    Paterson, G.L.J.; Glover, A.G.; Cunha, M.R.; Neal, L.; de Stigter, H.C.; Kiriakoulakis, K.; Billett, D.S.M.; Wolff, G.A.; Tiago, A.; Ravara, A.; Lamont, P.; Tyler, P. (2011). Disturbance, productivity and diversity in deep-sea canyons: A worm's eye view. Deep-Sea Res., Part II, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 58(23-24): 2448-2460. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.008
    Masson, D.G.; Huvenne, V.A.I.; de Stigter, H.C.; Arzola, R.G.; Lebas, T.P. (2011). Sedimentary processes in the middle Nazaré Canyon. Deep-Sea Res., Part 2, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 58(23-24): 2369-2387. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.003
    Martín, J.; Palanques, A.; Vitorino, J.; Oliveira, A.; de Stigter, H.C. (2011). Near-bottom particulate matter dynamics in the Nazare submarine canyon under calm and stormy conditions. Deep-Sea Res., Part 2, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 58(23-24): 2388-2400. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.004
    Duros, P.; Fontanier, C.; Metzger, E.; Pusceddu, A.; Cesbron, F.; de Stigter, H.C.; Bianchelli, S.; Danovaro, R.; Jorissen, F.J. (2011). Live (stained) benthic foraminifera in the Whittard Canyon, Celtic margin (NE Atlantic). Deep-Sea Res., Part 1, Oceanogr. Res. Pap. 58(2): 128-146. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.008
    Cunha, M.R.; Paterson, G.L.J.; Amaro, T.; Blackbird, S.; de Stigter, H.C.; Ferreira, C.; Glover, A.; Hilário, A.; Kiriakoulakis, K.; Neal, L.; Ravara, A.; Rodrigues, C.F.; Tiago, A.; Billett, D.S.M. (2011). Biodiversity of macrofaunal assemblages from three Portuguese submarine canyons (NE Atlantic). Deep-Sea Res., Part 2, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 58(23-24): 2433-2447. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.007
    van Oevelen, D.; Soetaert, K.; Garcia, R.; de Stigter, H.C.; Cunha, M.R.; Pusceddu, A.; Danovaro, R.; Garcia, R. (2011). Canyon conditions impact carbon flows in food webs of three sections of the Nazare canyon. Deep-Sea Res., Part 2, Top. Stud. Oceanogr. 58(23-24): 2461-2476. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2011.04.009
    van der Land, C.; Mienis, F.; de Haas, H.; de Stigter, H.C.; Swennen, R.; Reijmer, J.J.G.; van Weering, T.C.E. (2011). Paleo-redox fronts and their formation in carbonate mound sediments from the Rockall Trough. Mar. Geol. 284(1-4): 86-95. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2011.03.010
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