- Numerical modeling of glacial isostatic adjustment and sea-level changes
- Numerical modeling of continental ice sheets fluctuations
- Numerical modeling of coastal geomorphological and oceanographic processes
- Numerical modeling of marine sedimentation and stratigraphy
- Interpretation and integration of paleo and modern sea-level indicators
Dr. Paolo Stocchi
Fifty shades of sea level
Geophysicist Paolo Stocchi studies nuances in the earth’s sea levels ‘Broadly speaking, it is correct to state that the sea level is rising due to global warming. However, there are incredible regional differences. For example, we are rightly concerned about the melting of enormous ice masses on land, such as on Greenland and Antarctica. After all, it is those ice masses that cause the worldwide sea level to rise the most. Meanwhile, things could work out very differently for the Greenlanders if thousands of cubic kilometres of ice were to melt there. The gravitational force of the ice mass on the land now literally pulls at the sea level. If that effect disappears, then the sea level around Greenland could actually fall instead if rise due to less ice being on the land!’
From researchers to engineers
‘My work mainly consists of modelling effects like this one. I convert factors such as gravity, ice masses, land and water into mathematical terms and calculate what will change at a local or regional level when, for example, more or less ice lies on the land. All these models are open source and can therefore be freely used by researchers and students throughout the world. They are also interesting for engineers who need to design a new harbour somewhere, for example, and so want to know exactly which sea levels they need to take into account.’
New coastline
‘My work has started to expand into neighbouring disciplines as well. If you calculate sea levels, then that also has consequences for coastlines. In turn, that has consequences for the supply and removal of sediment in deltas. Even the exact level of the ebb and flood change due to the effects of gravity on land and water. In tide tables, you can now already read what the high and low tide levels will be at a certain location in several years’ time. On the basis of mathematical models, you can already implement a correction on these: how high or how low will the water be at certain times if the global sea level rises?’
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Research interests
My research activity focuses on the numerical modelling of sea-level changes that are caused by ice-sheets fluctuations in response to climate change. In particular, I am interested in studying the physical processes that involve the solid Earth, the oceans and the continental ice masses and that contribute to the complex process known as glacial and hydro isostatic adjustment. Large part of my work has focussed and still focuses on the geological past, but I am also interested in the present-day as well as in future scenarios. My current and future research activity at NIOZ will focus on the interaction between climate-driven processes and ocean dynamics with particular emphasis on the coastal geomorphological as well as ecological response to sea-level change.
Positions
From 2017: Tenure track scientist at NIOZ, Department of Coastal Systems (COS)
2012-2016: Post-doc at NIOZ, Department of Physical oceanography (supervisor: Prof. Bert L.A. Vermeersen, TU Delft and NIOZ)
2011-2012: Post-doc at IMAU Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University (Utrecht, The Netherlands). Supervisor: Prof. Roderik S.W. van de Wal)
2008-2011: Post-doc at DEOS, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, TU Delft (Delft, The Netherlands ). Supervisor: Prof. Bert L.A. Vermeersen
2007-2008: Research fellow at the Institute of Physics of the University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”. Supervisor: Dr. Giorgio Spada
2006: Spring Research fellow at the Faculty of Geology of Brown University, Providence (USA). Supervisor: Prof. Donald Forsyth
2003-2006: PhD student at the Department of Geophysics of the University of Bologna. Supervisor: Dr. Giorgio Spada
Fellowships and grants
2007-2008: Research fellowship inSolid Earth Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, Urbino, Italy
2006: Fellow Full Grant at Brown University, Providence (RI), USA
2003-2006: Ph.D. Research Fellowship in Geophysics granted by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) and University of Bologna
Key-publications
Paolo Stocchi, Fabrizio Antonioli, Paolo Montagna, Fabrizio Pepe, Valeria Lo Presti, Antonio Caruso, Marta Corradino, Gino Dardanelli, Pietro Renda, Norbert Frank, Eric Douville, François Thil, Bas de Boer, Rosario Ruggieri,Rosanna Sciortino, Catherine Pierre, 2017. A stalactite record of four relative sea-level highstands during the Middle Pleistocene Transition. Quaternary Science Reviews, 173, 92-100.
Bas de Boer, Paolo Stocchi, Pippa L. Whitehouse, Roderik S.W. van de Wal, 2017. Current state and future perspectives on coupled ice-sheet – sea-level modelling. Quaternary Science Reviews, 169, 13-28.
Simone Galeotti, Robert DeConto, Timothy Naish, Paolo Stocchi, Fabio Florindo, Mark Pagani, Peter Barrett, Steven M. Bohaty, Luca Lanci, David Pollard, Sonia Sandroni, Franco M. Talarico, James C. Zachos, 2016. Antarctic Ice Sheet variability across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary climate transition. Science, 10.1126/science.aab0669.
Christian Ohneiser, Fabio Florindo, Paolo Stocchi, Andrew P. Roberts, Robert M. DeConto and David Pollard, 2015. Antarctic glacio-eustatic contributions to late Miocene Mediterranean desiccation and reflooding, Nature Communications, DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9765.
Paolo Stocchi, Carlota Escutia, Alexander J. P. Houben, Bert L. A. Vermeersen, Peter K. Bijl, Henk Brinkhuis, Robert M. DeConto, Simone Galeotti, Sandra Passchier, David Pollard and IODP Expedition 318 scientists, 2013. Relative sea-level rise around East Antarctica during Oligocene glaciation, Nature Geoscience, DOI: 10.1038/NGEO1783.
Please find my complete list of NIOZ-publications at the bottom of this webpage. You can download all my publications on ResearchGate.
Professional education
2007: Ph.D in Geophysics at the University of Bologna. Thesis title: 'Glacial isostasy and sea level change in the Mediterranean: near and far-field effects on a millennium to century time-scale' (Supervisor Dr. Giorgio Spada)
2003: M.sc. 'Magna cum laude' in Environmental Sciences at the University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo'. Thesis title: 'Global sea-level variations: the contribution of Pleistocene deglaciation' (Supervisor Dr. Giorgio Spada)
Collaborations and Activities
From 2013: Member of the Steering Committee of Past Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics (PAIS, http://www.scar.org/srp/pais)
From 2013: Collaborations within the MEDFLOOD MEDiterranean sea-level change and projection for future FLOODing (http://www.medflood.org)
From 2010: Collaboration within the IODP 318 'Wilkes Land Glacial History' Science Party (http://publications.iodp.org/proceedings/ 318/318title.htm)
2007-2012: Member of Working Group 4 (WG4) - COST Action ES0701 (European Science Foundation) titled 'Improved constraints on models of GIA'
2007-2012: Collaboration within the DynaQlim (Upper Mantle Dynamics and Quaternary Climate in Cratonic Areas), Regional Co-ordination committee of the International Lithosphere Program (ILP)
2007-2008: Collaboration in the Italian national MIUR PRIN2006 'Il ruolo del riaggiustamento isostatico postglaciale nelle variazioni di livello marino globale e mediterraneo: nuovi vincoli geofisici, geologici, ed archeologici' of Dr. Giorgio Spada (Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo')
2005-2008: Collaboration in the international project 'Towards a standard model of present-day signals due to post-glacial rebound', Special Bureau for Loading (SBL)
2004-2006: Collaboration in the Italian National Progetto Nazionale MIUR PRIN2004 'Variazioni globali di livello marino e riaggiustamento isostatico postglaciale: effetti delle proprietà reologiche del mantello terrestre sul tasso di incremento del livello marino attuale' of Dr. Giorgio Spada (Università degli Studi di Urbino 'Carlo Bo')
Linked news
Linked blogs
NIOZ publications
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2023
Candy, A.S.; Taylor Parkins, S.K.; van Duyl, F.C.; Mueller, B.; Arts, M.G.I.; Barnes, W.; Carstensen, M.; Scholten, Y.; El-Khaled, Y.C.; Wild, C.; Wegley Kelly, L.; Nelson, C.E.; Sandin, S.A.; Vermeij, M.J.A.; Rohwer, F.; Picioreanu, C.; Stocchi, P.; Haas, A.F. (2023). Small-scale oxygen distribution patterns in a coral reef. Front. Mar. Sci. 10. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1135686
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2022
Colleoni, F.; De Santis, L.; Naish, T.; DeConto, R.M.; Escutia, C.; Stocchi, P.; Uenzelmann-Neben, G.; Hochmuth, K.; Hillenbrand, C.-D.; van de Flierdt, T.; Pérez, L.F.; Leitchenkov, G.; Sangiorgi, F.; Jamieson, S.; Bentley, M.J.; Wilson, D.J. (2022). Past Antarctic ice sheet dynamics (PAIS) and implications for future sea-level change, in: Florindo, F. et al. Antarctic Climate Evolution. pp. 689-768. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819109-5.00010-4Gowan, E.J.; Zhang, X.; Khosravi, S.; Rovere, A.; Stocchi, P.; Hughes, A.L.C.; Gyllencreutz, R.; Mangerud, J.; Svendsen, J.-I.; Lohmann, G. (2022). Reply to: Towards solving the missing ice problem and the importance of rigorous model data comparisons. Nature Comm. 13(1): 6264. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33954-xMattei, G.; Caporizzo, C.; Corrado, G.; Vacchi, M.; Stocchi, P.; Pappone, G.; Schiattarella, M.; Aucelli, P.P.C. (2022). On the influence of vertical ground movements on Late-Quaternary sea-level records. A comprehensive assessment along the mid-Tyrrhenian coast of Italy (Mediterranean Sea). Quat. Sci. Rev. 279: 107384. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107384Patterson, M.O.; Levy, R.H.; Kulhanek, D.K.; van de Flierdt, T.; Horgan, H.; Dunbar, G.B.; Naish, T.R.; Ash, J.; Pyne, A.; Mandeno, D.; Winberry, P.; Harwood, D.M.; Florindo, F.; Jimenez-Espejo, F.J.; Läufer, A.; Yoo, K.-C.; Seki, O.; Stocchi, P.; Klages, J.P.; Lee, J.I.; Colleoni, F.; Suganuma, Y.; Gasson, E.; Ohneiser, C.; Flores, J.-A.; Try, D.; Kirkman, R.; Koch, D.; the SWAIS 2C Science Team (2022). Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to +2 °C (SWAIS 2C). Sci. Drill. 30: 101-112. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-30-101-2022
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2021
Antonioli, F.; Calcagnile, L.; Ferranti, L.; Mastronuzzi, G.; Monaco, C.; Orrù, P.; Quarta, G.; Pepe, F.; Scardino, G.; Scicchitano, G.; Stocchi, P.; Taviani, M. (2021). New evidence of MIS 3 relative sea level changes from the Messina Strait, Calabria (Italy). Water 13(19): 2647. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13192647Antonioli, F.; Furlani, S.; Montagna, P.; Stocchi, P.; Calcagnile, L.; Quarta, G.; Cecchinel, J.; Lo Presti, V.; Morticelli, M.G.; Foresta Martin, F.; Pons-Branchu, E.; Vaccher, V. (2021). Submerged sand sea level reconstructions: a global overview and new results from the Mediterranean Sea. Water 13(12): 1663. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121663Antonioli, F.; Furlani, S.; Montagna, P.; Stocchi, P.; Calcagnile, L.; Quarta, G.; Cecchinel, J.; Lo Presti, V.; Morticelli, M.G.; Foresta Martin, F.; Pons-Branchu, E.; Vaccher, V. (2021). Submerged speleothems and sea level reconstructions: a global overview and new results from the Mediterranean Sea. Water 13(12): 1663. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121663Georgiou, N.; Geraga, M.; Francis-Allouche, M.; Christodoulou, D.; Stocchi, P.; Fakiris, E.; Dimas, X.; Zoura, D.; Iatrou, M.; Papatheodorou, G. (2022). Late Pleistocene submarine terraces in the Eastern Mediterranean, central Lebanon, Byblos: Revealing their formation time frame through modeling. Quaternary International 638-639: 180-196. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2021.12.008Gowan, E.J.; Zhang, X.; Khosravi, S.; Rovere, A.; Stocchi, P.; Hughes, A.L.C.; Gyllencreutz, R.; Mangerud, J.; Svendsen, J.-I.; Lohmann, G. (2021). A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years. Nature Comm. 12: 1199. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21469-wRubio-Sandoval, K.; Rovere, A.; Cerrone, C.; Stocchi, P.; Lorscheid, T; Felis, T.; Petersen, A.-K.; Ryan, D.D. (2021). A review of last interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Atlantic and southwestern Caribbean, from Brazil to Honduras. ESSD 13(10): 4819-4845. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4819-2021Rubio-Sandoval, K.; Rovere, A.; Cerrone, C.; Stocchi, P.; Lorscheid, T; Felis, T.; Petersen, A.-K.; Ryan, D.D. (2021). A review of last interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Atlantic and southwestern Caribbean, from Brazil to Honduras. ESSD 13(10): 4819-4845. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4819-2021Ryan, D.D.; Clement, A.J.H.; Jankowski, N.R.; Stocchi, P. (2021). The last interglacial sea-level record of Aotearoa New Zealand. ESSD 13(7): 3399-3437. https://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3399-2021
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2020
Bender, M.; Mann, T.; Stocchi, P.; Kneer, D.; Schöne, T.; Illigner, J.; Jompa, J.; Rovere, A. (2020). Late Holocene (0–6 ka) sea-level changes in the Makassar Strait, Indonesia. Clim. Past 16: 1187–1205. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-16-1187-2020Bini, M.; Zanchetta, G.; Drysdale, R.N.; Giaccio, B.; Stocchi, P.; Vacchi, M.; Hellstrom, J.C.; Couchoud, I.; Monaco, L.; Ratti, A.; Martini, F.; Sarti, L. (2020). An end to the Last Interglacial highstand before 120 ka: Relative sea-level evidence from Infreschi Cave (Southern Italy). Quat. Sci. Rev. 250: 106658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106658Philippart, C.J.; Ballesta-Artero, I.; Candy, A.S.; van Leeuwen, S.; Stocchi, P.; Elschot, K.; van Puijenbroek, M.E.B. (2020). Factors underlying the recovery potential of littoral seagrass in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)/Wageningen Marine Research: Yerseke. 109 pp.Rijsdijk, K.F.; Buijs, S.; Quartau, R.; Aguilée, R.; Norder, S.J.; Ávila, S.P.; Teixeira de Medeiros, S.M.; Nunes, J.C.C.; Elias, R.B.; Melo, C.S.; Stocchi, P.; Koene, E.F.M.; Seijmonsbergen, A.C.; de Boer, W.M.; Borges, P.A.V. (2020). Recent geospatial dynamics of Terceira (Azores, Portugal) and the theoretical implications for the biogeography of active volcanic islands. Frontiers of Biogeography 12(3): e45003. https://doi.org/10.21425/f5fbg45003Vacchi, M.; Ghilardi, M.; Stocchi, P.; Furlani, S.; Rossi, V.; Buosi, C.; Rovere, A.; De Muro, S. (2020). Driving mechanisms of Holocene coastal evolution in the Bonifacio Strait (Western Mediterranean). Mar. Geol. 427: 106265. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2020.106265
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2019
Grant, G.R.; Naish, T.R.; Dunbar, G.B.; Stocchi, P.; Kominz, M.A.; Kamp, P.J.J.; Tapia, C.A.; McKay, R.M.; Levy, R.H.; Patterson, M.O. (2019). The amplitude and origin of sea-level variability during the Pliocene epoch. Nature (Lond.) 574: 237–241. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1619-zMann, T.; Bender, M.; Lorscheid, T; Stocchi, P.; Vacchi, M.; Switzer, A.D.; Rovere, A. (2019). Holocene sea levels in Southeast Asia, Maldives, India and Sri Lanka: The SEAMIS database. Quat. Sci. Rev. 219: 112-125. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.007
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2018
Antonioli, F.; Ferranti, L.; Stocchi, P.; Deiana, G.; Lo Presti, V.; Furlani, S.; Marino, C.; Orru, P.; Scicchitano, G.; Trainito, E.; Anzidei, M.; Bonamini, M.; Sansò, P.; Mastronuzzi, G. (2018). Morphometry and elevation of the last interglacial tidal notches in tectonically stable coasts of the Mediterranean Sea. Earth-Sci. Rev. 185: 600-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.06.017Bom, R.A.; Philippart, C.J.M.; van der Heide, T.; de Fouw, J; Camphuysen, C.J.; Dethmer, K.; Folmer, E.O.; Stocchi, P.; Stuut, J.-B.; van der Veer, H.W.; Al Zakwani, I. (2018). Barr Al Hikman: a pristine coastal ecosystem in the Sultanate of Oman: Current state of knowledge and future research challenges. NIOZ-rapport, 2018(1). NIOZ Royal Institute for Sea Research: Texel. 61 pp.Rovere, A.; Casella, E.; Harris, D.L.; Lorscheid, T; Nandasena, N.A.K.; Dyer, B.; Sandstrom, M.R.; Stocchi, P.; D’Andrea, W.J.; Raymo, M.E. (2018). Reply to Hearty and Tormey: Use the scientific method to test geologic hypotheses, because rocks do not whisper. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 115(13): E2904-E2905. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800534115Stocchi, P.; Vacchi, M.; Lorscheid, T; de Boer, B.; Simms, A.R.; van de Wal, R.S.W; Vermeersen, B.L.A.; Pappalardo, M.; Rovere, A. (2018). MIS 5e relative sea-level changes in the Mediterranean Sea: Contribution of isostatic disequilibrium. Quat. Sci. Rev. 185: 122-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.01.004Vermeersen, B.L.A.; Slangen, A.B.A.; Gerkema, T.; Baart, F.; Cohen, K.M.; Dangendorf, S.; Duran-Matute, M.; Frederikse, T.; Grinsted, A.; Hijma, M.P.; Jevrejeva, S.; Kiden, P.; Kleinherenbrink, M.; Meijles, E.W.; Palmer, M.D.; Rietbroek, R.; Riva, R.E.M.; Schulz, E.; Slobbe, D.C.; Simpson, M.J.R.; Sterlini, P.; Stocchi, P.; van de Wal, R.S.W.; Van der Wegen, M. (2018). Sea-level change in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Geol. Mijnb. 97(3): 79-127. https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2018.7
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2017
Busschers, F.; Hijma, M.; Stocchi, P.; Reichart, G.-J.; van Heteren, S. (2017). De Vroeg-Holocene verdrinking van de Noordzee. Geo.brief 42(7): 4-7de Boer, B.; Stocchi, P.; Whitehouse, P.L.; van de Wal, R.S.W. (2017). Current state and future perspectives on coupled ice-sheet – sea-level modelling. Quat. Sci. Rev. 169: 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.013Lorscheid, T; Felis, T.; Stocchi, P.; Obert, J.C.; Scholz, D.; Rovere, A. (2017). Tides in the Last Interglacial: insights from notch geometry and palaeo tidal models in Bonaire, Netherland Antilles. NPG Scientific Reports 7(1): 16241. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16285-6Lorscheid, T; Stocchi, P.; Casella, E.; Gómez-Pujolf, L.; Vacchi, M.; Mann, T.; Rovere, A. (2017). Paleo sea-level changes and relative sea-level indicators: Precise measurements, indicative meaning and glacial isostatic adjustment perspectives from Mallorca (Western Mediterranean). Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 473: 94–107. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.028Palombo, M.R.; Antonioli, F.; Lo Presti, V.; Mannino, M.A.; Melis, R.T.; Orru, P.; Stocchi, P.; Talamo, S.; Quarta, G.; Calcagnile, L.; Deiana, G.; Altamura, S. (2017). The late Pleistocene to Holocene palaeogeographic evolution of the Porto Conte area: Clues for a better understanding of human colonization of Sardinia and faunal dynamics during the last 30 ka. Quaternary International 439: 117-140. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016.06.014Rovere, A.; Casella, E.; Harris, D.L.; Lorscheid, T; Nandasena, N.A.K.; Dyer, B.; Sandstrom, M.R.; Stocchi, P.; D’Andrea, W.J.; Raymo, M.E. (2017). Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 114(46): 201712433. https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712433114Simaiakis, S.M.; Rijsdijk, K.F.; Koene, E.F.M.; Norder, S.J.; Van Boxel, J.H.; Stocchi, P.; Hammoud, C.; Kougioumoutzis, K.; Georgopoulou, E.; van Loon, E.; Tjørve, K.M.C.; Tjørve, E. (2017). Geographic changes in the Aegean Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum : Postulating biogeographic effects of sea-level rise on islands. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 471: 108-119. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.02.002Stocchi, P.; Antonioli, F.; Montagna, P.; Pepe, F.; Lo Presti, V.; Caruso, A.; Corradino, M.; Dardanelli, G.; Renda, P.; Frank, N.; Douville, E.; Thil, F.; de Boer, B.; Ruggieri, R.; Sciortino, R.; Pierre, C. (2017). A stalactite record of four relative sea-level highstands during the Middle Pleistocene Transition. Quat. Sci. Rev. 173: 92-100. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.08.008
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2016
Galeotti, S.; DeConto, R.; Naish, T.; Stocchi, P.; Florindo, F.; Pagani, M.; Barrett, P.; Bohaty, S.M.; Lanci, L.; Pollard, D.; Sandroni, S.; Talarico, F.M.; Zachos, J.C. (2016). Antarctic Ice Sheet variability across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary climate transition. Science (Wash.) 352(6281): 76-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab0669Mann, T.; Rovere, A.; Schöne, T.; Klicpera, A.; Stocchi, P.; Lukman, M.; Westphal, H. (2016). The magnitude of a mid-Holocene sea-level highstand in the Strait of Makassar. Geomorphology (Amst.) 257: 155–163. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.12.023Rovere, A.; Raymo, M.E.; Vacchi, M.; Lorscheid, T; Stocchi, P.; Gómez-Pujolf, L.; Harris, D.L.; Casella, E.; O'Leary, M.J.; Hearty, P.J. (2016). The analysis of Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) relative sea-level indicators: Reconstructing sea-level in a warmer world. Earth-Sci. Rev. 159: 404–427. dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.06.006Rovere, A.; Stocchi, P.; Vacchi, M. (2016). Eustatic and Relative Sea Level Changes. Current Climate Change Reports 2(4): 221–231. dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0045-7
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