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NIOZ-jetty: live monitoring Wadden Sea - COLOURS -

WEBCAMS Wadden Sea

TESO ferry live monitoring Wadden Sea (will be active soon)

General - Publications - Co-authored - Books - Reports - Workshops - Res. Int. - Thesis - Projects - Pics

   3rd EOS Topical Meeting on Blue Photonics® - Optics in the Sea (Location: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Texel,Netherlands. 18Mar.-20Mar. 2013;First_call_BluePhotonics3.pdf

  The EC-funded 3-years project Citclops starts October 2012 and is focused on retrieving, through crowdsourcing, data on three main optical properties related to sea-water quality: colour, transparency and fluorescence. Novel technologies will be developed to retrieve these properties based on citizens’ measurements with common mobile devices.

Citclops Partners: Fundació Priv. Barcelona Digital Centre Tecnològic (BDIGITAL), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Invest. Científicas (CSIC), Kinetical Business SL (Kinetical)  - ES ; Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg (UNIOL), TriOS Mess- und Datentechnik GmbH (TriOS)  - DE ; Mariene Informatie Service MARIS B.V. (MARIS), Free University Amsterdam (IVM_VUA), Stichting Deltares (Deltares) - NL ; Noveltis SAS (NOVELTIS) - FR ; The Provost, Fellows, Foundation Scholars & the Other Members of Board of the College of the Holy & Undivided Trinity of Queen Elizabeth near Dublin (TCD-Coastwatch) - IE. (PowerPoint), (Extended Abstract)

 

General:       

• Date of birth: 25-12-1952 (Utrecht, The Netherlands)
• Polytechnics in Math and Physical engineering (COVALU, Utrecht, 1974).
• PhD  Physics University of Utrecht (Nov. 2011)

Dr. Marcel R. Wernand is a senior research scientist who obtained a polytechnic degree in math and physical engineering from the school for higher professional education (COVALU, Utrecht, the Netherlands)  and a PhD degree in Science (Natuur- en Sterrenkunde ) from the University of Utrecht (The Netherlands). He has more than 30 years of experience in ocean colour.  He started as an optical-instrumentation developer. His main research interests combine: the design and development of multi-spectral ocean colour instrumentation; bio-optical variability of estuaries, seas and oceans, long-term monitoring of coastal colour; the development of water quality algorithms for application in coastal optical remote sensing;  long-term changes of ocean colour in relation to global change; marine-optical science history. Interests and sports: Drama, playwright, poetry, tennis, golf, mouth- harp.

Employment:

• 1974-1977: Free University Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands. Designing physical      experiments for bachelor students.
• 1977-present: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, the Netherlands.      Department of Physical Oceanography (marine optics and remote sensing).

Projects

• NEW: Citizens' observatory for coast and ocean optical monitoring (Citclops). This EC-funded project will start in October 2012 and is focused on retrieving, through crowdsourcing, data on three main optical properties related to sea-water quality: colour, transparency and fluorescence. Novel technologies will be developed to retrieve these properties based on citizens’ measurements with common mobile devices.

• Nationally co-operated in NWO-project Integrated Network for Production and Loss Assessment in the Coastal Environment (IN PLACE).

• The past:  Internationally co-operated, as principal investigator, in several EC-framework projects (OCEAN, COASTlOOC, COLORS).

Marcel is the author of more than 18 publications peer-reviewed and a book on the history of ocean optics between 1600 and 1930.

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Research Interests:         

• Bio-optical variability of estuaries. Emphasis is on the long-term monitoring of the      Wadden Sea including the development of water quality algorithms for application in coastal optical remote sensing.
• Specialized in the design and development of multi-spectral ocean colour instrumentation.
• History of marine-optical science, history of oceanography, Forel-Ule ocean colour. 

Thesis:

  Wernand, M.R., 2011. Poseidons paintbox, Historical archives of ocean colour in global-change perspective. PhD thesis, Utrecht University, pp. 240, ISSN 978-90-6464-509-9.

In the thesis introduction issues are discussed on the historical background of marine optics and on marine optical devices that were used over the past centuries to observe and measure; as in all sciences, in marine optics we can see a steady development: that of ‘measuring’, beginning many centuries ago, to 'knowing' and since less than a century to the understanding of the phenomenon.
Hereafter, six themes are treated successively. The first theme, ‘Ocean optics from 1600 (Hudson) to 1930 (Raman), shift in interpretation of natural water colouring’, addresses the question of why it took so long a time to explain the phenomenon ‘the colouring of the sea’, especially the blue colour, despite the age-long interest of sailors, for practical purposes of navigation and detection of fish – of which more later. The second theme ‘On the history of the Secchi disc’, describes the search to establish methods for the determination of (sea) water clarity concerning purposes of navigation (near coast colour changes) just mentioned to detect shoals, and for a more basic purpose, tracing lost objects. The search to determine the clarity of lakes and seas culminated in the invention of the Secchi disc, used since the late 19th century. The third theme, ‘Spectral analysis of the Forel-Ule ocean colour comparator scale’, addresses the accuracy of a colour scale proposed, used in limnology and oceanography. Scale observations are put into perspective with contemporary measurements on
the colour of the sea. The fourth theme, ‘Ocean colour changes in the North Pacific since 1930’, handles the question whether long-term ocean colour changes using historic Forel-Ule observations, in this part of the ocean made very frequently over time, can be determined in relation to global change. In principal global warming may cause a gradual change in ocean colour due to the
effect of biological, chemical and physical aspects of the ocean-surface. The fifth theme, ‘MERIS-based ocean colour classification using the Forel-Ule scale’, addresses the question whether a relation can be established between the old Forel-Ule methodology, the classification of ocean colour by means of one of the scale colours, and the more recent satellite ocean colour methodology. The
sixth theme, ‘Trends in ocean colour and chlorophyll concentration since 1889 to present’, addresses decadal colour changes per ocean and sea, using the longest available Forel-Ule dataset and confirms the possibility to transform these colour changes into chlorophyll concentration (indicative of the biomass of marine planktonic microalgae) changes. Such a transformation is needed to provide a link to the present in which chlorophyll concentrations are determined by using new technologies such as satellite remote sensing calibrated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) pigment analysis to determine marine microalgae pigments.

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Books:

  Wernand, M.R., and W. Gieskes, 201, Ocean Optics from 1600 (Hudson) to 1930 (Raman), shifting interpretation of natural water colouring. Union des Océanographes de France, Paris, ISBN: 978-2-9510625-3-5 (book)

Publications:

  Wernand, M.R., 2010. On the history of the Secchi disc" J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public. 5, 10013s, 1-6. 321-2074.pdf

  Wernand, M.R. and van der Woerd, H.J., 2010.Spectral analyses of the Forel-Ule ocean colour comparator scale. J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public. 5, 10014s, 1-7. 322-2179.pdf

  Wernand, M.R. and van der Woerd, H.J., 2010. Ocean colour changes in the North Pacific since 1930. J. Europ. Opt. Soc. Rap. Public. 5, 10015s, 1-6. 325-2186.pdf

  Wernand, M.R., 2008.  Diaphanous: or days of fly fishing in a short conversation, with some account of the habits of white submersible object operators belonging to the genus captain or scientist. Ocean Optics. 6-10 October 2008, Barga, Italy. DIAPHANOUS_OR_DAYS_OF_FLY_FISHING.pdf

  Wernand, M.R., Veldhuis, J.W.,van der Woerd, H.J., 2006. Estimating Phytoplankton Biomass in Case II Waters Using A FLH 2 band Algorithm. Edited by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, The Oceanography Society, Centre National d'Etudies Spatiales. Ocean Optics XVII proceedings, 9-13 October, 2006. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

  Wernand, M.R., R. Boonstra, N. Eerens & H. Gons, 2006. Monitoren van cyanobacteriënbloei in recreatiewater. Tijdschrift voor watervoorziening en waterbeheer. 39ste jaargang 16: 27-29.

  Wernand, M.R., 2004. De kleur van de zee (The colour of the sea). Bzzlletin-Literair (Dutch literary journal). Volume 289, March. The Hague, Bzztôh. ISSN0165-0858. Pages 32-53.

  Wernand, M.R., 2002. Guidelines for (ship-borne) auto-monitoring of coastal and ocean colour. Steven G. Ackleson-ONR, Charles Trees-NASA, Editors. Oceanographic Society. Ocean Optics XVI, Nov. 18-22, proceedings, Santa Fe, New Mexico, US.

  Wernand, M.R., 2001. Remote sensing ocean colour and the Volvo Ocean Race. Remote Sensing Newsletter, BCRS, December, nr. 4.

  Wernand, M.R., Hoogenboom, H.J. and Regeling, 2000. Monitoring Coastal Color and Suspended Solids in Nature (MOCCASSIN), Remote Sensing Newsletter, August, nr. 93, BCRS.

  Wernand, M.R., Hoogenboom, H.J. and Regeling, G. M, 2000 Ferry monitoring of suspended solids through coastal color. Steven G. Ackleson-ONR, John Marra-NASA, Editors. SPIE, ASL&O, IOCCG Ocean Optics XV, proceedings, Monaco, 1026.pdf.

  Wernand, M.R., van Aken, H. and Shimwell, 1998, Spectral behaviour of the remote sensing reflectance of coastal and clear ocean water, SPIE Ocean Optics XIV, proceedings, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, USA. November 10-13 1998 (on CD-rom, resp. 1038mw.pdf)

  Wernand. M.R., 1998, Coastal Surveillance through Observation of Ocean Colour of wel het COASTlOOC project, Remote Sensing Nieuwsbrief, Oktober 1998, Volume 82, Chapter 2: Remote Sensing voor zee toepassingen, pp. 33 - 35.

  Wernand MR, Shimwell SJ, Boxal S and van Aken HM, 1998. Evaluation of specific semi-empirical coastal colour algorithms using historic data sets. Aquatic Ecology, Vol 32 nr.1. pp 73-93. Kluwer Academic publishers.

  Wernand MR, Shimwell SJ, and de Munck JC, 1997. The generation of high resolution ocean colour information from 5 particular bands.  Ocean Optics XIII, Steven G. Ackleson, Robert Frouin, Editors, Proc. SPIE Volume 2963, pp. 808-814.

  Wernand MR, Shimwell SJ and de Munck JC, 1997. A simple method of full spectrum reconstruction by a five-band approach for ocean colour applications.   International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 1977-1986.

  Wernand, M.R.,  D.Spitzer,  1987. Combining shipborne and airborne optical parameters with sea truth and their correlation in the Madura Strait. Proceedings of the joint DFVLR-LAPAN-NIOZ workshop on remote sensing of the sea. Participation in the Snellius II expedition 1984. Jakarta, Jan 14-16, 1987. Reference Publication, TKH 8705, p 168-178. Published by: Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta Timur.

  Wernand,  M.R.,  D.Spitzer,  1987. Processing of  underwater  spectra collected by ASIR (Advanced Spectr. IRad.meter) in the Madura Bay. Proceedings of the joint DFVLR-LAPAN-NIOZ workshop on remote sensing of the sea. Participation in the Snellius II expedition 1984. Jakarta, Jan 14-16, 1987. Reference Publication, TKH 8705, p 160-166. Published by: Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta Timur.

  Wernand, M.R., D.Spitzer, 1987. Processing of airborne CORSAIR data. Proceedings of the joint DFVLR-LAPAN-NIOZ workshop on remote sensing of the sea. Participation in the Snellius II expedition 1984. Jakarta, Jan 14-16, 1987. Reference Publication, TKH 8705, p 153-159. Published by: Indonesian National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN), Jakarta Timur. 

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Co-authored:

   Garaba, S. P., Wernand, M. R., and Zielinski, O., 2011. Quality control of automated hyperspectral remote sensing measurements from a seaborne platform, Ocean Sci. Discuss., 8, 613-638, doi: 10.5194/osd-8-613-2011.

  Hommersom, A., Wernand M.,R.,  Peters S.,  Eleveld M.A., van der Woerd H.J., de BoerJ., 2011. Spectra of a shallow sea—unmixing for class identification and monitoring of coastal waters, Ocean Dynamics, 61:463–480, DOI 10.1007/s10236-010-0373-4.

   Peperzak, L., Timmermans, K. R. Wernand, M. R., Oosterhuis, S., van der Woerd, H. J., 2011, A mesocosm tool to optically study phytoplankton dynamics. Limnology and oceanography-methods, Volume: 9   Pages: 232-244, June, DOI: 10.4319/lom.2011.9.232.

  Hommersom, A., Wernand, M.R., Peters, S., de Boer, J. A., 2010. A review on substances and processes relevant for optical remote sensing of extremely turbid marine areas, with a focus on the Wadden Sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 64:2, 75-92.

  HommersomA., Peters S., Wernand M.R., de Boer J., 2009. Spatial and temporal variability in bio-optical properties of the Wadden Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 83, 360–370.

  Poot, H., B. J. Ens, H. De Vries, M. A. H. Donners, M. R. Wernand and J.M. Marquenie 2008. Green Light for Nocturnally Migrating Birds. Ecology and Society 13 (2): 47.

  Ian S. Robinson, David Antoine, Miroslaw Darecki, Patrick Gorringe, Lasse Pettersson, Kevin Ruddick, Rosalia Santoleri, Herbert Siegel, Patrick Vincent, Marcel R. Wernand, Guy Westbrook, Giuseppe Zibordi 2008. Remote Sensing of Shelf Sea Ecosystems State of the Art and Perspectives. Marine Board – ESF. Position paper 12, Feb.2008. ISBN: 2-912049-77-6. Pp. 60.

  Klaas R. Timmermans, Hendrik J. van der Woerd, Marcel R. Wernand, Merijn Sligting, Julia Uitz and Hein J. W. de Baar, 2007. In situ and remote-sensed chlorophyll fluorescence as indicator of the physiological state of phytoplankton near the Isles Kerguelen (Southern Ocean). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.  DOI: 10.1007/s00300-007-0398-4.

  Hommersom, A., K. Valdmets, S. Peters & M.R. Wernand, 2006. Measuring Optical heterogeneity in the Wadden. Sea. CD-60116.pdf, OOXVIII Conference, Montreal, Canada

  Heather A. Bouman, Trevor Platt, Shuba Sathyendranath, Brian D. Irwin, Marcel R. Wernand and Gijsbert W. Kraay, 2000. Bio-optical properties of the subtropical Nort Atlantic. II. Relevance to models of primairy production. Marine Ecology Progress Series, Vol. 200: 19-34. Polar Biology

  H.J. Hoogenboom, J.R. Roberti and M. Wernand, 2000. An integral approach to retrieve total suspended matter concentrations in the Marsdiep (Netherlands). Steven G. Ackleson-ONR, John Marra-NASA, Editors. SPIE, ASL&O, IOCCG Ocean Optics XV, proceedings, Monaco, 1011.pdf.

  Heather A. Bouman, Brian D. Irwin and Trevor Platt, Marcel R. Wernand and Gijsbert W. Kraay, 1998. Modelling primary production in the subtropical North Atlantic, SPIE Ocean Optics XIV, proceedings, Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, USA. November 10-13 1998 (on CD-rom, 1160hb.pdf)

  Shimwell SJ, Wernand MR and Boxall SR, 1997. Calculation of the Q factor for Case 2 waters.  Ocean Optics XIII, Steven G. Ackleson, Robert Frouin, Editors, Proc. SPIE 2963, pp. 520-525.

  Althuis IJA, Vogelzang J, Wernand MR, Shimwell SJ, Gieskes WWC, Warnock RE, Kromkamp J, Wouts R and  Zevenboom W, 1996.  On the colour of Case 2 waters: Particulate Matter North Sea. Part I, Results and conclusions. Beleids Commissie Remote Sensing Report, NRSP-2, 95-21A  pp. 163.

  Althuis IJA, Vogelzang J, Wernand MR, Shimwell SJ, Gieskes WWC, Warnock RE, Kromkamp J, Wouts R and  Zevenboom W.,1996.  On the colour of Case 2 waters: Particulate Matter North Sea. Part I, Instruments, methods and database. Beleids Commissie Remote Sensing Report, NRSP-2, 95-21B pp. 73.

  Marees, G., and M.R.Wernand, J.M.M.  Kokke, 1991.  On the remote sensing of water quality using the airborne scanner CAESAR. Report in the framework of the National Remote Sensing Plan (NRSP-1), under responsibility of the Netherlands Remote Sensing Board (BCRS).  No. 90-30. ISBN 90 54 11008 2.

  Marees, G., and M.R.Wernand, 1991. Interpretation of optical remote sensing data over coastal waters. Report in the framework of the National Remote Sensing Plan (NRSP-1), under responsibility of the Netherlands Remote sensing Board (BCRS). No. 91-27. ISBN 90 54 110060 6.

  Marees, G., and M.R.Wernand, 1990. Optical data from the Dutch coastal waters,    with    reference    to    remote    sensing applications. Internal report Neth. Inst. Sea Res. 1990-1, Texel.

  Marees, G., D. Spitzer,   M.R.Wernand,   and   R.W.J.Dirks, 1989. Interpretation of remote sensing measurements over Madura Bay from in situ radio metric and biochemical data.  Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 23(4), p 483-492.

  S. J. Shimwell, Defence Evaluation and Research Agency Farnborough (UK); M. R. Wernand, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (The Netherlands). New algorithms to derive the diffuse attenuation coefficient in turbid coastal waters from SeaWiFS data, [4544-15]

  Spitzer, D, and M.R.Wernand, 1986. Assesement of solar irradiance spectra. Applied Optics, vol 25, p 2466.

  Spitzer, D, and M.R.Wernand, 1986.  Determination   of   spectral signatures of Natural waters by optical airborne and ship borne instruments. In: M.C.J. Damen. Proc. of the 7th int. symp. on remote sensing for resources development and environmental management.  A.A. Balkema. Rotterdam-Boston: 771

  Spitzer, D, and M.R.Wernand, 1983. Multispectral remote sensing of fluorescent tracers: Theory and experiments. Oceanologica Acta. Paris Vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 201-210. 1983. 

Workshops:

1993 - Wernand, M.R, Editor (initiator), WOIRS 1993, European Workshop on Optical Ground Truth Instrumentation for the Validation of Space-Borne Optical Remote Sensing Data of the Marine Environment, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands, Nov. 23 - 24, 1993, ISSN 0923-3210. 

Reports:

2008 - Coordinating author: Ian S. Robinson. Contributing authors, David Antoine, Miroslaw Darecki, Patrick Gorringe, Lasse Pettersson, Kevin Ruddick, Rosalia Santoleri, Herbert Siegel, Patrick Vincent, Marcel R. Wernand, Guy Westbrook, Giuseppe Zibordi, Jan-BartRemote Sensing of Shelf Sea Ecosystems, State of the Art and Perspectives, Position Paper 12, Marine Board, ESF, February 2008. Series Editor: Niamh Connolly, Editorial support: Nicolas Walter.

1996 - Ir. P.J.F. Geerders (P. Geerders Consultancy), Ir. J.M.M. Kokke (MD/RWS), M. Wernand (NIOZ), 1996. Feasibility study european intercalibration facility for marine optical data, nrsp96-37, Final report. BCRS project 6.3/IS-54.

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Pics:

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