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Leader of Biological-Chemical Oceanography Group

 

Prof. Dr. Ir. Hein J.W. de Baar

 

ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE

FOR SEA RESEARCH

 

 

Postal address:

P.O. Box 59,

NL-1790 AB Den Burg (Texel)

The Netherlands

 

 

Visiting address:

Landsdiep 4

NL-1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel)

The Netherlands

 

 

Phone:

(+31) (0)222-369300

Fax:

(+31) (0)222-319674

 

Dept: BCO (BIO)

E-mail: debaar@nioz.nl

Phone: (+31) (0)222-369465

 

 

Education

 

Delft University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering; Final project: On the Behaviour of Trace Metals in Sediments of the Wadden Sea

 

WHOI/MIT Joint Program in Oceanography, Massachusetts, USA; Thesis on The Marine Geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements; PhD degree in 1984.

 

Experience

 

1984-1985

Royal Society fellowship, Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge

1985-1986

Senior research associate, University of  Cambridge

1984-1986

Research fellow at Clare Hall College, Cambridge

1986-1987

Isotopes Geology Laboratory in Amsterdam

1987 onwards

Senior scientist at Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)

1993 onwards

Full Professor of Oceanography (part-time 30 %), University of Groningen

 

 

Current position

 

Leader of Biological-Chemical Oceanography Group at Royal NIOZ

Head Department Ocean Ecosystems at University of Groningen

 

Research interest

 

Ocean carbon cycle, Southern Ocean, North Sea, climate regulation, phytoplankton ecology, diatoms, metal-biota interactions, iron-limitation, photochemistry and ocean cycling of iron and other trace elements.

 

Current Professional services

 

1991 onwards               Associate editor Marine Chemistry

1992 onwards                Global Change Committee of Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW)

1997 onwards                Chair Netherlands SCOR (Ocean Research) Committee of Royal Academy of Sciences

1998 onwards                Member Scientific Steering Committee Netherlands-Bremen Oceanography (NEBROC)

2004-2009                     Vice-chair CarboOcean Integrated Project, EU Framework Program VI; 32 partners

2004 onwards                External adviser BELCANTO (Belgian research Carbon uptake in ANTarctic Ocean)

2005-onwards               Coordinator International Polar Year GEOTRACES initiative

2005 onwards                Member SCAR (Antarctic Research) Committee of Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences (KNAW)

2005 onwards                Member International Joint SCAR/SCOR Oceanography Expert Panel

2006                             Member International GEOTRACES Scientific Steering Committee

 

Membership professional societies

 

American Society for Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)

American Geophysical Union (AGU)

European Union of Geosciences (EUG)

Euroceans Network of Excellence

Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging KNCV

 

Supervision of completed Ph.D. Theses

 

Hazelaar, Sandra (2006) Nanoscale architecture: the role of proteins in diatom silicon biomineralization, University of Groningen, 104p.

 

Bozec, Yann (3 October 2005) Process studies of the biological pump of CO2 in the North Sea and Southern Ocean. University of Groningen, 215p. Dr. Bozec is now postdoc with prof. Ralph Keeling at Scripps Institute of Oceanography, San Diego.

 

Rijkenberg, Micha (13 May 2005) Photochemistry and Organic Complexation of Iron; Interactions in the Southern Ocean", University of Groningen, 222p. Dr. Rijkenberg now has postdoc position at National Oceanography Centre, Southampton.

 

van Oijen, Tim (2004) Iron and light limitation of carbohydrate production by phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean, University of Groningen, 172p.

 

Gondwe, Mtinkheni (2004) Quantifying the Role of Marine Phytoplankton (DMS) in the Present Day Climate System, University of Groningen, 135p. 

 

Villafane, Virginia 2004. Ultraviolet radiation and primary productivity in temperate aquatic environments of Patagonia (Argentina), 133p. 

 

Zemmelink, Henk J. (2003) Dimethylsulphide, measuring emissions from the ocean to the atmosphere. University of Groningen, ISBN 90-367-1780-9, 165p.

 

Schoemann, Veronique (2000) On the role of Phaeocystis sp. colonies in the biogeochemical cycles of manganese and iron. Université Libre Brussels, 115p.

 

Buitenhuis, Eric T. (2000) Interactions of Emiliania huxleyi and the dissolved inorganic carbon system. University of Groningen, 95 p.

 

Wiebinga, Cas J. (1999) Dissolved Organic Carbon in Seawater: its concentration and microbial utilization.  University of Groningen, ISBN 90-367-1135-5, 173p.

 

Bakker, Dorothee C.E.  (1998) Process studies of the air-sea exchange of carbon dioxide in the Atlantic Ocean. University of Groningen, ISBN 90-9011467-X, 220p.

 

Van Leeuwe, Maria A. (1997) A Barren Ocean. Iron and light interactions with phytoplankton growth in the Southern Ocean. University of Groningen. 189p.

 

LeClerq, Martijn (1997) Radiocarbon in Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon.  University of Groningen.

 

Stoll, Michel H.C. (1994) Inorganic carbon behaviour in the North Atlantic Ocean, University of Groningen, 193p.

 

Saager, Paul M. (1994) On the relationships between dissolved trace metals and nutrients in seawater. Free University of Amsterdam, xvi + 240p.

 

Schijf, Johan (1992) Aqueous geochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements in marine anoxic basins. University of Utrecht. Geologica Ultraiectina, xii +256p.

 

Buma, Anita G.J. (1992) Factors controlling phytoplankton growth and species composition in the Antarctic Ocean. University of Groningen, 148p.

 

 

Supervision of current Ph.D projects

 

Piquet, Anouk; completing her thesis on microbial biodiversity in polar waters, graduation foreseen in 2007.

 

Janknegt, Paul; is halfway in the standard 4 years PhD candidate period and recently at fieldwork on UV impact in Patagonia (Argentina).

 

Van der Laan, Sander, appointed July 2005 at CIO (first promotor prof. Meijer) for direct assessment of air/sea CO2 fluxes by eddy correlation technique at tower (Lutjewad) for integrated net community production at intertidal flats of WaddenSea (joint CarboOcean/BSIK subsidies to Meijer/DeBaar)

 

Luijkx, Ingrid, appointed September 2005 at CIO (first promotor prof. Meijer) for atmospheric time series of CO2 at NorthSea F3 Production Platform (NAM) in context of land stations data (CarboEurope) for inverse model derivation of seasonal and annual CO2 fluxes air/sea and air/land in northwest Europe (joint CarboOcean/BSIK subsidies to Meijer/DeBaar). 

 

Van Heuven, Steven, appointed per 1 September 2005 for fieldwork (2 expeditions completed in 2005, more in 2006, 2007, 2008) and interpretation on the uptake and meridional transport of anthropogenic CO2 in the high North Atlantic Ocean (EU CarboOcean subsidy to H.deBaar)

 

Sligting, Merijn, appointed 1 September at Free University, on Satellite Observations Compared to Ship Borne Fluorescence and Chlorophyll a Measurements near the Isles Kerguelen, Southern Ocean. (BCRS subsidy to dr.H van der Woerd, VU)

 

Bontes, Babette, appointed at 1 March 2006 for assessment of effect of the high-CO2-world on plankton ecosystems in the Southern Ocean (NAAP/NWO program subsidy to H.de Baar)

 

Neven, Ika, appointment at 1 March 2006 in Plant Physiology (first promotor prof. Elzenga) for assessment of the high-CO2-world on physiology of phytoplankton species of the Southern Ocean (NAAP/NWO program subsidy to H.de Baar)

 

Beekmans, Bas, per January 2006, on end-to-end ecosystem approach for time series of whales in the Antarctic Ocean, joint project in close collaboration with British Antarctic Survey (Cambridge, UK) and AWI, Bremerhaven (EU EurOceans grant to Beekmans/deBaar).

 

Mayer-Branco, Pedro, per January 2006, on application of plankton ecosystem and carbon cycle model SWAMCO (prof. Lancelot, Brussels) to several time series datasets of in situ iron fertilization experiments in the oceans (Science Foundation of Portugal grant to Mayer-Branco/DeBaar)

 

 

 

Scientific publications

 

2006

 

Bowie,A, E.Achterberg, P.Croot, H.de Baar, P. Laan, J.Moffett, S.Ussher, P.Worsfold (2006) A community-wide intercomparison exercise for determination of dissolved iron in seawater, MarChem., 98, 81-99.

 

Boye, M., A. Aldrich, C.M.G. van den Berg, J.T.M. de Jong, H.Nirmaier, M.Veldhuis, K.R.

Timmermans and H.J.W. de Baar (2006) The chemical speciation of iron in the north-east Atlantic Ocean, Deep-Sea Research I, 53, 667–683.

 

Bozec, Y., H. Thomas, L.-S. Schiettecatte, A.V. Borges, K. Elkalay and H.J.W. de Baar. Assessment of the processes controlling the seasonal variations of dissolved inorganic carbon in the North Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, accepted and in press

 

Fischer A.C., Wolterbeek H.Th., Kroon J.J., Gerringa, L.J.A., Timmermans K.R., Elteren

J.T. van,. Teunissen T , 2006 On the use of iron radio-isotopes to study iron speciation kinetics in seawater: A column separation and off-line counting approach. Sci of the total environment, 362, 242-258.

 

Fischer, A.C., Steinebach, Timmermans, K.R., Wolterbeek, H.Th. (2006). A method for the destruction and analysis of biogenic silica in two Antarctic diatom species: Thalassiosira sp. and Chaetoceros brevis. J. Applied Phycology. ...... - .......

 

Gerringa, L.J.A., M.J.A.Rijkenberg, H.Th.Wolterbeek, T.Verburg, M. Boye, H.J.W. de Baar. Kinetic study reveals weak Fe-binding ligand, which affects the solubility of Fe in the Scheldt estuary. Mar Chem, in press

 

Gerringa, LJA, Veldhuis MJW, Timmermans KR, Sarthou, G. and deBaar HJW. (2006). Co-variance of dissolved Fe-binding ligands with phytoplankton characteristics in the Canary Basin. Mar. Chem,.in press

 

Rijkenberg, M.J.A., Gerringa, L.J.A., Carolus, V.E., Velzeboer, de Baar, H.J.W. (2006) Enhancement and inhibition of iron photoreduction by individual ligands in open ocean seawater Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 70, 2790–2805

 

Rijkenberg, M.J.A., Gerringa, L.J.A., Velzeboer, I.,  Timmermans, K.R., Buma, A.J.G., de Baar, H.J.W. (2006). Iron-binding ligands in Dutch estuaries are not affected by UV induced photochemical degradation. Mar. Chem. 100: 11-23.

 

2005

 

Bakker D.C.E, Y. Bozec, P.D. Nightingale, L. Goldson, M.-J. Messias, H.J.W. de Baar, M. Liddicoat, I. Skjelvan, V. Strass, and A.J. Watson (2005). Iron and mixing affect biological carbon uptake in SOIREE and EisenEx, two Southern Ocean iron fertilisation experiments. Deep Sea Research Part I, 52, 1001-1019.

 

Boyé, M., J. Nishioka, P. L. Croot, P. Laan, K. R. Timmermans and H.J.W. de Baar (2005) Major deviations of iron organic complexation during 22 days of a mescoscale iron enrichment in the open Southern Ocean, Marine Chemistry, 96, 257-271.

 

Bozec Y., D.C.E. Bakker, C. Hartman, H. Thomas, R. Bellerby, U. Riebesell, H.J.W. de Baar, and A.J. Watson (2005). The CO2 system in a Redfield context during an iron enrichment experiment in the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 95, 89-105.

 

Bozec Y., H. Thomas, K. Elkalay and H.J.W. de Baar (2005). The continental shelf pump for CO2 in the North Sea-evidence from summer observation. Marine Chemistry, 93, 131-147.

 

Croot P.L., P. Laan, J. Nishioka, V. Strass,  M. Boye, K.R. Timmermans, R.G. Bellerby, L. Goldson, P. Nightingale and H.J.W. de Baar (2005) Spatial and Temporal distribution of Fe(II) and H2O2 during EisenEx, an open ocean mescoscale iron enrichment. Marine Chemistry, 95/1-2, 65-88

 

De Baar, H.J.W., P.W. Boyd, Kenneth H. Coale, Michael R. Landry, Atsuhsi Tsuda, Philip Assmy, D.C.E. Bakker, Y. Bozec, R.T. Barber, M.A. Brzezinski, K.O. Buesseler, M. Boyé, P. L. Croot, F. Gervais, M.Y. Gorbunov, P. J. Harrison, W.T. Hiscock, P. Laan, C. Lancelot, C. Law, M. Levasseur, A. Marchetti, F. J. Millero, J. Nishioka, Y. Nojiri, T. van Oijen, U. Riebesell, M.J.A. Rijkenberg, H. Saito, S. Takeda, K.R. Timmermans, M. J.W. Veldhuis, A. Waite and C.S. Wong (2005) Synthesis of Iron Fertilization Experiments: From the Iron Age in the Age of Enlightenment. In: Orr, J. C., S. Pantoja, and H.-O. Pörtner (eds.) The Oceans in High CO2 World, Special Issue of J. Geophys. Res. (Oceans), 110, C09S16, doi:10.1029/2004JC002601, pp 1-24.

 

Ellwood, M.J., C.M.G. van den Berg, M. Boye, M. Veldhuis, J.T.M. de Jong, H.J.W. de Baar, P.L. Croot and G. Kattner (2005) Organic complexation of cobalt across the Antarctic Polar Front, Mar. Freshw. Res., 56, 1069-1075.

 

Nishioka, J.,  Takeda, S., de Baar, H.J.W., Laan, P., Croot, P.L., Boye, M.,  Timmermans, K.R. (2005) Change in the concentrations of iron in different size fractions during an iron fertilization experiment in the Southern Ocean, EisenEx. Mar. Chem.,  95, 51– 63.

 

Rijkenberg, M.J.A., Fischer, A.C., Kroon, J.J., Gerringa, L.J.A., Timmermans, K.R., Wolterbeek, H.Th., de Baar, H.J.W. (2005) The influence of UV irradiation on the photoreduction of iron in the Southern Ocean, Marine Chemistry, 93(2-4), 119-129.

 

Sarthou, G., K.R. Timmermans, S. Blain and P. Treguer (2005) Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review. J. Sea. Res., 53, 25-42.

 

Thomas H., Y. Bozec, H.J.W. de Baar, K. Elkalay, M. Frankignoulle, L.-S. Schiettecatte & A. V. Borges (2005). The Carbon budget of the North Sea. Biogeosciences, 2, 82-96.

 

Timmermans, K.R., B. van der Wagt, M.J.W. Veldhuis, A. Maatman, H.J.W. de Baar (2005) Physiological responses of three species of marine pico-phytoplankton to ammonium, phosphate, iron and light limitation, J. Sea Res., 53, 109-120.

 

Van Oijen, T., M.J.W.Veldhuis, M.Y. Gorbunov, J. Nishioka, M.A. Van Leeuwe and H.J.W. De Baar. (2005) Enhanced carbohydrate production by Southern Ocean phytoplankton in response to in situ iron fertilisation, Marine Chemistry, 93(1), 33-52.

 

Veldhuis, M. and H.J.W. de Baar (2005) Iron resources and oceanic nutrients: advancement of global environment simulations (IRONAGES), J. Sea Res., 53, 1-6.

 

2004

 

Kramer, J., P. Laan, G. Sarthou, K.R. Timmermans, H.J.W. de Baar (2004) Distribution of dissolved aluminium in the high atmospheric input region of the subtropical waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry 88, 85– 101.

 

Rijkenberg, M.J.A., Gerringa, L.J.A., Neale, P.J., Timmermans, K.R., Buma, A.G.J., de Baar, H.J.W, 2004. UVA variability overrules UVB ozone depletion effects on the photoreduction of iron in the Southern Ocean. Geophys Res Lett, 31, L24310. doi:10.1029/2004GL020829.

 

Thomas, Helmut, Y. Bozec, K. Elkalay, H. J. W. de Baar (2004) Enhanced Open Ocean Storage of CO2 from Shelf Sea Pumping. Science,  304, 1005-1008

 

Timmermans, K.R., Bas van der Wagt  and Hein J.W. de Baar (2004) Growth rates, half saturation constants, and silicate, nitrate, and phosphate depletion in relation to iron availability of  four large open ocean diatoms from the Southern Ocean. Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 2141-2151.

 

2003

 

Antia, A.N., P. Burkill, W. Balzer, H.J.W. de Baar, R.F.C. Mantoura, R. Simó and D. Wallace. (2003) Couped biogeochemical cycling and controling factors. In: F. Lamy and G. Wefer (eds.) Marine Scientific Frontiers for Europe, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 147-162.

 

Bowie A.R., E.P. Achterberg, S. Blain, M. Boye, P.L. Croot, H.J. W. de Baar, P. Laan, G. Sarthou, P. J. Worsfold (2003) : Shipboard intercomparison of dissolved iron in surface waters along a north-south transect of the Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 84, 19-34.

 

Boye M., A.P. Aldrich, C.M.G. van den Berg, J.T.M. de Jong , M. Veldhuis  and H.J.W. de Baar (2003) : Horizontal gradient of the chemical speciation of iron in surface waters of the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry 80, 129-143.

 

Buitenhuis, E., Timmermans, K.R. and de Baar, H.J.W. (2003) Zinc-bicarbonate colimitation of Emiliania huxleyi. Limnol. Oceanogr., 48: 1575-1582.

 

De Baar, H.J.W. and J. La Roche (2003) Metals in the Oceans; Evolution, Biology and Global Change. In: F. Lamy and G. Wefer (eds.) Marine Scientific Frontiers for Europe, Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 79-105.

 

Gondwe, M., M. Krol, W. Gieskes, W. Klaassen and H. de Baar (2003) The contribution of ocean-leaving DMS to the global atmospheric burdens of DMS, MSA, SO2 and NSS SO4=. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(2), 1056, 25, pp1-11 (10.1029/2002GB001937).

 

Hoppema, M., H.J.W. de Baar, E. Fahrbach, H.H. Hellmerr and B. Klein (2003) Substantial advective iron loss diminishes phytoplankton production in the Antarctic Zone. Global Biogoechem. Cycles, 17(1), 1025, 25, pp1-9 (10.1029/2002GB001957).

 

Laës, A., Blain, S. ,Laan, P., Achterberg, E. P., Sarthou, G, de Baar, H. W. (2003), Deep dissolved profiles of dissolved iron in the eastern North Atlantic in relation with water masses, Geophys. Res. Lett., Vol. 30, No. 17, 190210.1029/2003GL017902

 

Sarthou G., A. Baker, S. Blain, E.P. Achterberg, M. Boye, Bowie A.R., P.L. Croot, P. Laan, H.J. W. de Baar , T.D. Jickells and P.J. WOrsfold (2003): Atmospheric iron deposition and sea-surface dissolved iron concentrations in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.

Deep Sea Research - topic I, 50 (10-11), 1339-1352.

 

Visser, F., L.J.A. Gerringa, S. J. Van der Gaast, H.J.W. de Baar, K.R. Timmermans (2003). The role of the reactivity and content of iron of aerosol dust on growth rates of two Antarctic diatom species. J.Phycol., 39, 1085-1094.

 

2002

 

Boye, M, A.P. Aldrich, C.M.G.  van den Berg, J.T.M. de Jong, M. Veldhuis and H.J.W. de Baar. Horizontal gradients of the chemical speciation of iron in the surface water of the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Chem., 1949, 1-15.

 

Hoppema, M., H.J.W. de Baar, E. Fahrbach and G.J. Bellerby (2002) Renewal time and transport of unventilated Central Intermediate Water of the Weddell Sea derived from biogeochemical properties. J. Mar. Res., 60, 677-697.

 

Hoppema, M., H.J.W. de Baar, R.G.J. Bellerby, E. Fahrbach and K. Bakker, 2002. Annual export production in the interior Weddell Gyre estimated from a chemical mass balance of nutrients. Deep-Sea Research, II 49, 1675-1689.

 

Stoll, M.H.C., H. Thomas, H.J.W. de Baar, I. Zondervan, E. de Jong, U.V. Bathmann and

E. Fahrbach (2002) Biological versus physical processes as drivers of large oscillations of the air-sea CO2 flux in the Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone during summer. Deep Sea Research I, 49, 1651-1667.

 

Van Franeker, J.A., N.W. van den Brink, U.V. Bathmann, R.T. Pollard, H.J.W. de Baar and W.J.Wolff (2002). Responses of seabirds, in particular prions (Pachyptila sp.) to small-scale processes in the Antarctic Polar Front. Deep-Sea Research II, 49, 3931-3950.

 

Zemmelink, H.J., W.W.C. Gieskes, W. Klaassen, H.W. de Groot, H.J.W. de Baar, J.W.H. Dacey, E.J. Hintsa and W.R. McGillis (2002) Simultaneous use of relaxed eddy accumulation and gradient flux techniques for the measurement of sea-to-air exchange of dimethylsulfide. Atmospheric Environment, 36, 5709-5717.

 

2001

 

Boyé M., C.M.G. van den Berg, J.T.M. de Jong, H. Leach, P. Croot and H.J.W. de Baar (2001) Organic complexation of iron in the Southern Ocean. Deep Sea Research I, 48, 1477-1497.

 

Buitenhuis, E.T., P. van der Wal and H.J.W. de Baar (2001). Blooms of Emiliania huxleyi are sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide; a field and mesocosm study derived simulation. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 577-587.

 

De Baar, H.J.W. and J.T.M. de Jong (2001). Distributions, Sources and Sinks of Iron in Seawater. Review chapter 5 in: Turner, D. and Hunter, K.A. (eds.) Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater, IUPAC Book Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems, Volume 7, 123-254.

 

Gerringa, L.J.A., H.J.W. de Baar, R.F. Nolting, H.Paucot (2001) The influence of salinity on the solubility of sulphides of Zn and Cd in estuaries, with the Scheldt estuary as an example. J. Sea Res., 46, 201-211.

 

Gondwe, M., Klaassen, W. Gieskes, and de Baar, H. (2001) Negligible direct radiative forcing of basin-scale climate by coccolithophore blooms. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3911-3914.

 

Hoppema, M. Roether, W. Bellerby, R. G. J. and de Baar, H. J. W. (2001) Direct measurements reveal insignificant storage of anthropogenic CO2 in the abyssal Weddell Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. Vol. 28 , No. 9 , p. 1747-1750

 

Hunter, K.A., Boyd, P.W., Bruland, K.W., Buffle, J., Buat-Ménard, P., de Baar, H.J.W., Duce, R.A., Sunda, W.J., Jickells, T.D., Moffett, J.W., Rue, E.L., Spokes, L.J., Sulzberger, B., Turner, D.R., Waite, T.D., Watson, A.J., Whitfield, M. (2001) Sumary and Recommendations. Chapter 9 in: Turner, D. and Hunter, K.A. (eds.) Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater, IUPAC Book Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems,  John Wiley and Sons Ltd, Volume 7, 373-387.

 

Timmermans, K.R., R. J. Snoek, L.J. A. Gerringa , H. J.W. de Baar (2001) Not all eukaryotic algae can interreplace cobalt and zinc: Chaetoceros calcitrans (Bacillariophyceaea) versus Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyceae). Limnol. Oceanogr. 46, 699-703.

 

Timmermans, Klaas R.,  Margaret S. Davey, Bas van der Wagt, Josje Snoek, Richard J. Geider, Marcel J.W. Veldhuis, Loes J.A. Gerringa  and Hein J.W. de Baar. Co-limitation by iron and light of Chaetoceros brevis, C. dichaeta and C. calcitrans (Bacillariophyceae). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 217, 287-297.

 

Timmermans, Klaas R., Loes J.A. Gerringa, Hein J.W. de Baar, Bas van der Wagt, Marcel J.W.Veldhuis, M. Boye, Jeroen T.M. de Jong, Peter L. Croot. (2001). Growth rates of large and small Southern Ocean diatoms in relation to availability of iron in natural seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 46 (2): 260 – 266.

 

Turner, D.R., K.A. Hunter and H.J.W. de Baar (2001). Introduction. Chapter 1 in: Turner, D. and Hunter, K.A. (eds.) Biogeochemistry of Iron in Seawater, IUPAC Book Series on Analytical and Physical Chemistry of Environmental Systems, Volume 7, 1-8.

 

2000

 

De Baar, H.J.W., P.M. Boyd (2000). The Role of Iron in Plankton Ecology and Carbon Dioxide Transfer of the Global Oceans. Chapter 4 in: Hanson, R.B., Ducklow, H.W. and Field, J.G. (Eds.), The Dynamic Ocean Carbon Cycle: A Midterm Synthesis of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study, International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Book Series, Vol. 5, Cambridge University Press, (ISBN 0 521 65603 6), 61-140.

 

Gerringa, L.J.A., H.J.W. de Baar and K.R. Timmermans (2000) Iron limitation of phytoplankton growth in natural waters versus artificial laboratory media with EDTA. Mar. Chem., 68, 335-346.

 

Hoppema, M., Fahrbach, E. and de Baar, H.J.W. (2000) Surface layer balance of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current (prime meridian) used to derive carbon and silicate consumptions and annual air-sea exchange for CO2 and oxygen J. Geophys. Res.,105, No. C5, 11359-11572

 

Jong, J.T.M. de, M. Boye, V.F. Schoemann, R.F Nolting and H.J.W. de Baar (2000) Shipboard techniques based on flow injection analysis for measuring dissolved Fe, Mn and Al in seawater. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2, 496-502.

 

Lancelot, C., E. Hannon, S. Becquevort, C. Veth and H.J.W. de Baar (2000) Modeling phytoplankton blooms and carbon export production in the Southern Ocean: dominant controls by light and iron in the Atlantic sector in Austral spring 1992. Deep Sea Research I, 47, 1621-1662.

 

Nolting, R.F., M. Heijne, J.T.M. de Jong, K.R. Timmermans and H.J.W. de Baar (2000) The determination and distribution of Zn in surface water samples collected in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2, 534-538.

 

van Leeuwe, M.A. & de Baar, H.J.W. (2000) Photo acclimation by the Antarctic flagellate Pyramimonas sp. (Praesinophyceae) affected by iron limitation. European Journal of Phycology, 35, 207-215.

 

1999

 

Bakker, D.C.E., H.J.W. de Baar and E. de Jong (1999). Dissolved carbon dioxide in tropical East Atlantic surface waters. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 24, 399-404.

 

Bakker, D.C.E., H.J.W. de Baar and E. de Jong (1999). The dependence on temperature and salinity of dissolved inorganic carbon in East Atlantic surface waters. Marine Chemistry, 65, 263-280.

 

Buitenhuis, E., H.J.W. de Baar and M.J.W. Veldhuis (1999) Regulation of photosynthesis and calcification of Emiliania huxleyi by the different species of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. J. Phycol., 36, 64-73.

 

Coale, K.H., P. Worsfold and H. de Baar (1999) Iron Age in Oceanography, Eos (Transactions American Geophysical Union), 80, pages 337, 382.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., J.T.M. de Jong, R.F. Nolting, M.A. van Leeuwe, K.R.Timmermans M. Templin, M.M. Rutgers van der Loeff and J. Sildam (1999) Low dissolved Fe and the absence of diatom blooms in remote Pacific waters of the Southern Ocean. Mar. Chem., 66, 1-34.

 

Hoppema, M., E. Fahrbach, M.H.C. Stoll and H.J.W. de Baar, 1999. Annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Weddell Sea derived from a surface layer balance, including estimations of entrainment and new production. Journal of Marine Systems 19: 219-233.

 

Louanchi, F., M. Hoppema, D.C.E. Bakker, A. Poisson, M.H.C. Stoll, H.J.W. de Baar, B. Schauer, D.P. Ruiz-Pino and D. Wolf-Gladrow, 1999. Modelled and observed sea surface fCO2 in the Southern Ocean: a comparative study. Tellus 51B, 541-559.

 

Nolting, R.F., H. J.W. de Baar, K. R. Timmermans and K. Bakker (1999) Chemical fractionation of Zinc versus Cadmium among other metals Nickel, Copper and Lead in the northern North Sea. Marine Chemistry, 67 (3/4), 281-301.

 

Stoll, M.H.C., H.J.W. de Baar, M. Hoppema and E. Fahrbach (1999) New early winter fCO2 data reveal continuous uptake of carbon dioxide by the Weddell Sea. Tellus, 51B, 679-687.

 

1998

 

De Jong, J.T.M., J. den Das, U. Bathmann, M.H.C. Stoll, G. Kattner, R.F. Nolting and H.J.W. de Baar. (1998) Dissolved iron at subnanomolar levels in the Southern Ocean as determined by shipboard analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta, 377, 113-124.

 

Hoppema, M., E. Fahrbach, K.-U. Richter, H.J.W. de Baar and G. Kattner, 1998. Enrichment of silicate and CO2 and circulation of the bottom water in the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research I 45: 1793-1813.

 

Hoppema, M., E. Fahrbach, M.H.C. Stoll and H.J.W. de Baar (1998) Increase of carbon dioxide in the bottom water of the Weddell Sea. Marine Chemistry, 59, 201-210.

 

Hoppema, M., E. Fahrbach, M.H.C. Stoll and H.J.W. de Baar, 1998. Annual uptake of atmospheric CO2 by the Weddell Sea derived from a surface layer balance, including estimations of entrainment and new production. Journal of Marine Systems 18, 219-234.

 

Löscher, B.M., J.T.M. de Jong and H.J.W. de Baar (1998) The distribution and preferential biological uptake of cadmium at 6°W in the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 62, 259-286.

 

Nolting, R.F., L.J.A Gerringa, M.J.W. Swagerman, K.R. Timmermans, H.J.W. de Baar. (1998) Fe (III) speciation in the High Nutrient, Low Chlorophyll Pacific region of the Southern Ocean.  Marine Chemistry, 62, 335-352

 

Schoemann, V, H.J.W. de Baar, J.T.M. de Jong and C. Lancelot (1998) Effects of phytoplankton blooms on the cycling of manganese and iron in coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 1427-1441.

 

Staudigel, H., A. Yayanos, R. Chastain, G. Davies, E.A.Th. Verdurmen, P. Schiffmann, R. Bourcier and H.J.W. de Baar (1998) Biologically mediated dissolution of volcanic glass in seawater. Earth planet. Sci. Letts., 162, 165-176.

 

Timmermans, K.R. , M. Gledhill, R.F. Nolting, M.J.W. Veldhuis, H. J.W. de Baar and C.M.G. van den Berg. Responses of marine phytoplankton in iron enrichment experiments in the northern North Sea and northeast Atlantic Ocean. Marine Chemistry,  61, 229-242.

 

Timmermans, K.R., M.A. van Leeuwe, J.T.M. de Jong, R. McKay, R.F. Nolting,  H.J.

Witte, J. van Ooyen, M. Swagerman, H. Kloosterhuis and H.J.W. de Baar. (1998) Iron limitation in the Pacific region of the Southern Ocean: evidence from enrichment bioassays Mar.Ecol.Progr.Ser., 166, 27-41.

 

Van Leeuwe, M.A., H.J.W. de Baar and M.J.W. Veldhuis (1998). Pigment distribution in the Pacific region of the Southern Ocean (autumn 1995). Polar Biology, 19, 348-353.

 

Van Leeuwe, M.A., K.R. Timmermans, H.J. Witte, G.W. Kraay, M.J.W. Veldhuis, H.J.W. de Baar. (1998) Effects of iron stress on chromatic adaptation by natural phytoplankton communities in the Pacific region of the Southern Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 166, 43-52.

 

Wiebinga, C. and H.J.W. de Baar (1998) Determination of the distribution of dissolved organic carbon in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. Marine Chemistry, 61, 185-201.

 

1997

 

Bakker, D.C.E., H.J.W. de Baar and U. Bathmann. (1997) Changes of carbon dioxide in surface waters during the spring in the Southern Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 44 (1/2), 91-127.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., M.A. van Leeuwe, R.A. Scharek, L. Goeyens, K. Bakker and P. Fritsche (1997) Nutrient anomalies in Fragilariopsis kerguelensis blooms, iron deficiency and the nitrate/phosphate ratio (A.C. Redfield) of the Antarctic Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 44 (1/2), 229-260.

 

Leclercq, M., J. van der Plicht, H.A.J Meijer and H.J.W. de Baar (1997) Radiocarbon in marine dissolved organic carbon. Nucl. Inst. B, 123, 443-446.

 

Leeuwe, M.A. van, R. Scharek, H.J.W. de Baar, J.T.M. de Jong and L. Goeyens. (1997) Iron enrichment experiments in the Southern Ocean: physiological responses of plankton communities.Deep-Sea Research II(1/2), 189-207.

 

Löscher, B.M., J. van der Meer, H.J.W. de Baar, P.M. Saager and J.T.M. de Jong (1997) The global Cd/phosphate relationship in deep ocean waters and the need for accuracy. Marine Chemistry, 59, 87-93.

 

Löscher, B.M., J.T.M. de Jong, H.J.W. de Baar, C. Veth and F. Dehairs. (1997) The distribution of Fe in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Research II, 44(1/2), 143-187.

 

Rommets, J.W., M.H.C. Stoll, R.X. de Koster, T.F. de Bruin, H.J.W. de Baar, U.V. Bathmann and V. Smetacek (1997)Deep-Sea Research II, (44): CD-ROM Appendix.

 

Saager, P.M., de Baar, H.J.W., de Jong, J.T.M., Nolting, R.F. and J. Schijf (1997) Hydrography and local sources of dissolved Mn, Ni, Cu and Cd in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Chem., 57, 195-216.

 

Scharek, R., M.A. van Leeuwe and H.J.W. de Baar. (1997) Responses of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to addition of trace metals. Deep-Sea Research II, 44, 209-227.

 

Smetacek, V., H.J.W. de Baar, U.V. Bathmann, K. Lochte and M. Rutgers van der Loeff (1997) Ecology and Biogochemistry of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current during austral spring: a summary of Southern Ocean JGOFS cruise ANT X/6 of R.V. Polarstern. Deep-Sea Research, II, 44, 209-227.

 

Wiebinga, C.J., M.J.W. Veldhuis and H.J.W. de Baar (1997) Abundance and productivity of heterotrophic bacterioplankton in relation to seasonal upwelling in the NW Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 44, 451-476.

 

1996

 

Bakker, D.C.E., H.J.W. de Baar en H.P.J. de Wilde (1996) Dissolved carbon dioxide in Dutch coastal waters. Mar. Chem., 55, 247-263.

 

Stoll, M.H.C., H.M. van Aken, H.J.W. de Baar and C.J. de Boer. (1996) Meridional carbon dioxide transport in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. Mar. Chem., 55, 205-216.

 

Stoll, M.H.C., H.M. van Aken, H.J.W. de Baar and M. Kraak. (1996) Carbondioxide characteristics of water masses in the northern North Atlantic Ocean. Mar.Chem., 55, 217-232.

 

1995

 

H.J.W. de Baar, J.T.M. de Jong, D.C.E. Bakker, B.M. Löscher, C. Veth, U. Bathmann and V. Smetacek. (1995) Importance of Iron for Phytoplankton Spring Blooms and CO2 Drawdown in the Southern Ocean. Nature, 373: 412-415.

 

Hoppema, M., E. Fahrbach, M. Schröder, A. Wisotzki and H. de Baar. (1995) Winter-summer differences of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the Weddell Sea surface layer. Mar. Chem., 51: 177-192.

 

Schijf, J. and H.J.W. de Baar. (1995) Rare earth element exchange through the Bosporus: the Black Sea as a net source of REE to the Mediterranean Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 59: 3503-3509.

 

Schijf, J. H.J.W. de Baar and F.J.Millero. (1995) Vertical distributions and speciation of dissolved rare earth elements in the anoxic brines of Bannock Basin, eastern Mediterranean. Geochim et Cosmochim. Acta, 59: 3285-3299.

 

1994

 

Baar, de, H.J.W. (1994) von Liebig's Law of the Minimum and Plankton Ecology (1899-1991). Progress in Oceanography, 33: 347-386.

 

Baar, H.J.W. de (1994) Speuren naar het lek in de koolstofkringloop. Chemische Magazine, (K.N.C.V. Maandblad) Oktober 1994, 413-415. (Searching for the missing sink in the carbon cycle. monthly journal Royal Netherlands Chemical Society)

 

Baar, H.J.W. de, Saager, P.M. Nolting, R.F. , Van der Meer, J. (1994) Cadmium versus Phosphate in the World Ocean. Mar. Chem., 46: 261-281.

 

Nolting, R.F. and H.J.W. de Baar (1994) Behavior of nickel, copper, zinc and cadmium in the upper 300m of a transect in the Southern Ocean. Mar. Chem., 45: 225-242.

 

Schijf, J., H.J.W. de Baar and F.J. Millero (1994) Kinetics of Ce and Nd scavenging in Black Sea waters. Mar. Chem., 46: 345-359.

 

Timmermans, K.R., W. Stolte and H.J.W. de Baar (1994) Iron-mediated effects on nitrate reductase in marine phytoplankton. Marine Biology, (121): 389 - 396.

 

1993

 

De Baar, H.J.W. (1993) Waarom is de WereldZee niet Groener ? (Why is the World Ocean not much Greener ?) Inaugural lecture University of Groningen, 11 May 1993: 55p.

 

De Baar, H.J.W. and E. Suess (1993) Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate Change - An introduction to the interdisciplinary Union Symposium. Global & Planetary Change, 8: VII-XI.

 

DeBaar, H.J.W., C. Brussaard, J.Hegeman, J. Schijf and M.H.C.Stoll (1993) Sea-trials of three different methods for non-volatile dissolved organic carbon in seawater during the JGOFS North Atlantic Pilot Study. Mar. Chem., 41: 145-152.

 

Lancelot, C., Mathot, S., Veth, C., & de Baar, H.J.W. (1993).  Factors controlling phytoplankton ice-edge blooms in the marginal ice-zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea during sea ice retreat 1988: field observations and mathematical modeling. Polar Biology,  13, 377-387.

 

Mot, E., H. Bartelds, P.M. Esser, A.J.M. Huurdeman, P.J.A. van de Laak, S.G.L. Michon, R.J. Nielen and H.J.W. de Baar (1993) European Community can reduce CO2 emissions by 60 percent - a feasibility study. Journal Air Waste, 43, 835-838.

 

Saager, P.M. and H.J.W. de Baar (1993) Limitations to the quantitative application of Cd as a paleoceanographic tracer, based on results of a multi-box model (MENU) and statistical considerations. Global & Planetary Change, 8: 69-92.

 

Saager, P.M., J. Schijf and H.J.W. de Baar (1993) Trace Metal Distributions in Seawater and Anoxic Brines in the East Mediterranean Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57: 1419-1432.

 

Stoll, M.H.C., J.W. Rommets and H.J.W. de Baar. (1993) Effect of Selected Calculation Routines and Dissociation Constants on the Determination of Total CarbonDioxide in  Seawater. Deep-Sea Research I, 40: 1307-1322.

 

1992

 

De Baar, H.J.W. (1992) Options for enhancing the storage of carbon dioxide in the oceans: a review. Energy Convers. Mgmt., 33(508): 635-642.

 

Saager, P.M., H.J.W. de Baar and R.J. Howland (1992) Cd, Zn, Ni and Cu in the Indian Ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 39(1): 9-35.

 

1991

 

Buma, A.G.J., H.J.W. de Baar, R.F.Nolting and A.J. van Bennekom(1991) Metal enrichment experiments in the Weddell-Scotia Seas: effects of Fe and Mn on various plankton communities.Limnol. Oceanogr.  36(8): 1865-1878.

 

De Baar, H.J.W. (1991) On cerium anomalies in the Sargasso Sea. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55, 2981-2983.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., J. Schijf and R.H. Byrne (1991) Solution Chemistry of the Rare Earth Elements in Seawater, Eur. J. Solid State Inorg. Chem., 28, 1991, 357-374.

 

Nolting, R.F., H.J.W. de Baar, A.J. van Bennekom and A. Masson (1991) Cadmium, Copper and Iron in the Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea and Weddell/Scotia Confluence (Antarctica). Marine Chemistry, 35: 219-243.

 

Schijf, J., H.J.W. de Baar, J.R. Wijbrans and W.F. Landing (1991) Dissolved Rare Earth Elements in the Black  Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 38, Suppl. 2: S805-S823.

 

1990

 

De Baar, H.J.W. (1990) Opslag van CO2 in de oceaan (De zee een silo voor CO2 ?). Chemisch Magazine, (K.N.C.V. Maandblad), November 1990, 570-574.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., A.G.J. Buma, R.F. Nolting, G.C. Cadée, G. Jacques and P.J. Tréguer (1990) On iron limitation  of the Southern Ocean: experimental observations in the Weddell and Scotia Seas. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 65, 105-122.

1989 and before

 

De Baar, H.J.W., H.G. Fransz, G.M. Ganssen, W.W.C. Gieskes, W.G. Mook and J.H. Stel (1989) Towards a Joint  Global Ocean Flux Study: Rationale and Objectives. In: A. Ayala-Castanares, W.S. Wooster, and A. Yanez-Arancibia: Oceanography 1988, Proceedings of the Joint Oceanographic Assembly, Acapulco, Mexico, 11-31.

 

De Baar, H.J.W. and M.H.C. Stoll (1989) Storage of CarbonDioxide in the Oceans. In: P.A.Okken, S.J.Zwart and S. Zwerver (Eds.) Climate and Energy: the feasibility of controlling CO2 emissions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 143-177.

 

Saager, P.M., H.J.W. de Baar and P.H. Burkill (1989) Manganese and Iron in Indian Ocean Waters. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 53, 2259-2267.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., C.R. German, H. Elderfield and P. van Gaans (1988) Rare earth element distributions in anoxic waters of the Cariaco Trench. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 1203-1219

 

Hydes, D.J., G.J. de Lange and H.J.W. de Baar (1988) Dissolved Aluminium in the Mediterranean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 52, 2107-2114.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., M.P. Bacon, P.G. Brewer and K.W. Bruland (1985) Rare earth elements in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1943-1959.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., P.G. Brewer  and M.P. Bacon (1985) Anomalies in rare earth distributions in seawater. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 49, 1961-1969.

 

De Baar, H.J.W. (1984) Neutron Activation Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Seawater. Proceedings International Symposium on the Use and Development of Low and Medium Flux Reactors, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., USA, Atomkernenergie unde Kerntechnik, 44, 702-709.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., M.P. Bacon and P.G. Brewer (1983) Rare earth distributions with a positive Ce anomaly in the Western North Atlantic. Nature, 301, 324-327.

 

De Baar, H.J.W., J.W. Farrington and S.G. Wakeham (1983) Vertical flux of fatty acids in the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res., 41, 19-41.

 

Wakeham, S.G., J.W. Farrington, R.B. Gagosian, C. Lee, H.J.W. de Baar, G.E. Nigrelli, B.W. Tripp, S.O. Smith and N.M. Frew (1980) Organic matter fluxes from sediment traps in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Nature, 286, 798-800.