Stefan Schouten

Prof. Dr. Stefan Schouten

E-mail: stefan.schouten@nioz.nl

Direct Phone: (+31) (0)222-369565

ROYAL NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE

FOR SEA RESEARCH (NIOZ)

Postal address:

P.O. Box 59,

NL-1790 AB Den Burg (Texel)

The Netherlands

Visiting address:

Landsdiep 4

NL-1797 SZ ’t Horntje (Texel)

The Netherlands

Room: C10-17

Phone (reception):

(+31) (0)222-369300

Fax:

(+31) (0)222-319674

General





2010 – present :	Professor in Molecular Palaeontology Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences.
1999 – present :	Research Scientist, Royal NIOZ.
1998 – 1999 :	Visiting Research fellow at the Centre on Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies, University of California at Davis (USA) and Stanford University (USA).
1990 – 1994 :	PhD-student, Delft University of Technology and NIOZ.
Research Interests
The organic biogeochemistry of marine sediments, i.e. the reconstruction of present and past microbial communities, biosynthetic pathways, biogeochemical cycles, environments and climates by structural and stable isotopic analysis of organic compounds in micro-organisms, marine waters and sediments. Detailed research subjects include: · Biosynthetic pathways, structures and ¹³C-contents of lipids in algae, bacteria and archaea. · Combination of lipid and genetic information for analysing past and present biodiversity · Assessing the functioning of microbial communities by labelling experiments · Development of new organic proxies for paleoenvironmental reconstructions · Natural sulphurization processes in water columns and sediments. · Determination and interpretations of ¹³C and ²H in sedimentary and cellular compounds. · Identification, isolation and synthesis of (novel) sedimentary organic compounds. · Chemical and thermal degradation of insoluble, macromolecular organic matter in sediments.
Current Projects

From hothouse to icehouse: Evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic sea water temperatures (NWO - Vernieuwingsimpuls, Vici grant). People involved: R. Lopes dos Santos (Ph.D student), J. Ossebaar, S. Schouten. How salty was the sea? A crucial question to predict future climate change. People involved: Dr. D. Chival, Dr. M.T.J. van der Meer (post-doc), Prof. Dr. S. Schouten, Prof. Dr. J.S. Sinninghe Damsté (PI).
Impact of CO₂ concentrations and pH on marine microbial membrane lipids People involved: P. Schoon (Ph.D student), Prof. Dr. S. Schouten (PI), Prof. Dr. J.S. Sinninghe Damsté (promotor). Ladderane and other lipids of anammox bacteria as tracers for present-day and past oceanic nitrogen cycling People involved: D. Rush (Ph.D student), Prof. Dr. S. Schouten, Dr. E. Hopmans, Prof. Dr. M. Jetten (RUN), Prof. Dr. J.S. Sinninghe Damsté (promotor). Impact of benthic processes on biogeochemical organic carbon cycling and organic proxy records in marine sediments People involved: S. Lengger (Ph.D student), Prof. Dr. S. Schouten (PI).



Development, validation and application of compound specific hydrogen isotope analysis as a tool for reconstructing Agulhas Current paleo sea surface salinity variability (EU Marie Curie Initial Trainings Network, 2010-2013) People involved: S. Kasper (Ph.D student), Dr. M.T.J. van der Meer, Prof. Dr. S. Schouten (promotor).

Publications (updated January 2012)






2011


Bauersachs, T., Compaore, J., Severin, I., Hopmans, E., Schouten, S., Stal, L., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Diazotrophic microbial community of coastal microbial mats of the southern North Sea. Geobiology 9, 349-359. Brandsma, J., van de Vossenberg, J., Risgaard-Petersen, N., Schmid, M.C., Engstrom, P., Eurenius, K., Hulth, S., Jaeschke, A., Abbas, B., Hopmans, E.C., Strous, M., Schouten, S., Jetten, M.S.M., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. A multi-proxy study of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in marine sediments of the Gullmar Fjord, Sweden. Env. Microbiol. Rep. 3, 360-366. Caley, T., Malaizé, B., Kim, J.-H., Giraudeau, J., Laepple, T., Caillon, N., Charlier, K., Rebaubier, H., Rossignol, L., Castañeda, I.S., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. High-latitude obliquity as a dominant forcing in the Agulhas current system. Past. Clim. 7, 1209–1224. Castañeda, I.S., Schouten, S. Application of molecular proxies to Quaternary lacustrine deposits. Quat. Science Rev. 30, 2851-2891. Fallet, U., Ullgren, J., Castañeda, I.S, van Aken, H., Schouten, S., Ridderinkhof, H., Brummer, G.-J. Contrasting variability in foraminiferal and organic paleotemperature proxies in sedimenting particles of the Mozambique Channel (SW Indian Ocean). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 5834–5848. Fawcett, P.J., Werne, J.P., Anderson, R.S., Heikoop, J.M., Brown, E.T., Berke, M.A., Smith, S.J., Goff, F., Donohoo-Hurley, L., Cisneros-Dozal, L.M., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Huang, Y.S., Toney, J., Fessenden, J., WoldeGabriel, G., Atudorei, V., Geissman, J.W., Allen, C.D. Extended megadroughts in the southwestern United States during Pleistocene interglacials. Nature 470, 518-521. Hu, B.L., Rush, D., van der Biezen, E., Zheng, P., van Mullekom, M., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Smolders, A.J.P., Jetten, M.S.M., Kartal, B. New anaerobic, ammonium-oxidizing community enriched from peat soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 966-971. Huguet, C., Martrat, B., Grimalt, J.O., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Schouten, S. Coherent millennial-scale patterns in U₃₇^k'and TEX₈₆^H temperature records during the pen-ultimate interglacial-to-glacial cycle in the western Mediterranean. Paleoceanography 26, PA2218, doi:10.1029/2010PA002048. Kim, J., Peterse, F., Willmott, V., Kristensen, D., Baas, M., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Large ancient organic matter contributions to Arctic marine sediments (Svalbard). Limnol. Oceanogr. 56, 1463-1474. Peterse, F., Hopmans, E.C., Schouten, S., Mets, A., Rijpstra, W.I.C., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Identification and distribution of intact polar branched tetraether membrane lipids in peat and soil. Org. Geochem. 42, 1007-1015. Peterse, F., Prins, M.A., Beets, C.J., Troelstra, S.R., Zheng, H.B., Gu, Z.Y., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Decoupled warming and monsoon precipitation in East Asia over the last deglaciation. Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett. 301, 256-264. Pitcher, A., Hopmans, E.C., Mosier, A.C., Park, S.J., Rhee, S.K., Francis, C.A., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Core and intact polar glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids of ammonia-oxidizing archaea enriched from marine and estuarine sediments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 3468-3477. Pitcher, A., Villanueva, L., Hopmans, E.C., Schouten, S., Reichart, G.-J., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Niche segregation of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea and Anammox bacteria in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. ISME J. 5, 1896–1904. Pitcher, A., Wuchter, C., Siedenberg, K., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Crenarchaeol tracks winter blooms of planktonic, ammonia-oxidizing Thaumarchaeota in the coastal North Sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 56, 2308–2318. Powers, L.A., Johnson, T.C., Werne, J.P., Castaneda, I.S., Hopmans, E.C., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Schouten, S. Organic geochemical records of environmental variability in Lake Malawi during the last 700 years, Part I: The TEX₈₆ temperature record. Pal. Pal. Pal. 303, 133-139; doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.09.006. Rampen, S.W., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Occurrence of long chain 1,14-diols in Apedinella radians. Org. Geochem. 42, 572-574. Rush, D., Jaeschke, A., Hopmans, E.C., Geenevasen, J.A.J., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Short chain ladderanes: Oxic biodegradation products of anammox lipids. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 1662-1671. Schoon, P.L., Sluijs, A., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Schouten, S. Stable carbon isotope patterns of marine biomarker lipids in the Arctic Ocean during Eocene Thermal Maximum 2. Paleoceanography 26, PA3215, doi:10.1029/2010PA002028. Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Verschuren, D., Ossebaar, J., Blokker, J., van Houten, R., van der Meer, M.T.J., Plessen, B., Schouten, S. A 25,000-year record of climate-induced changes in lowland vegetation of eastern equatorial Africa revealed by the stable carbon-isotopic composition of fossil plant leaf waxes. Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett. 302, 236-246. Sluijs, A., Bijl, P.K., Schouten, S., Rohl, U., Reichart, G.J., Brinkhuis, H. Southern ocean warming, sea level and hydrological change during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Clim. Past 7, 47-61. Trommer, G., Siccha, M., Schulz, H., Hemleben, Ch., Rohling, E. J., Grant, K., van der Meer, M.T.J., Schouten, S., Kucera, M. Amplitude of climate variability in the Red Sea during the last glacial termination and during the peak interglacial MIS5e. Clim. Past 7, 941-955. Weijers, J.W.H., Bernhardt, B., Peterse, F., Werne, J.P., Dungait, J.A., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Absence of seasonal patterns in MBT-CBT indices in mid-latitude soils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 75, 3179-3190. Weijers, J.W.H., Steinmann, P., Hopmans, E.C., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Bacterial tetraether membrane lipids in peat and coal: Testing the MBT-CBT temperature proxy for climate reconstruction. Org. Geochem. 42, 477-486. Woltering, M., Johnson, T.C., Werne, J.P., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Late Pleistocene temperature history of Southeast Africa: A TEX₈₆ temperature record from Lake Malawi. Pal. Pal. Pal. 303, 93-102.
2010


Bijl P.K., Houben A.J., Schouten S., Bohaty S.M., Sluijs A., Reichart G.J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Brinkhuis H. Transient Middle Eocene atmospheric CO₂ and temperature variations. Science 313, 819-821. Bauersachs, T., Speelman, E.N., Hopmans, E.C., Reichart, G.J., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Fossilized glycolipids reveal past oceanic N₂ fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria. PNAS 107,19190-19194;doi:10.1073/pnas.1007526107. Bendle, J., Weijers, J.H.W., Maslin, M., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Schouten, S., Hopmans, E.C., Boot, C. Pancost, R.D. Major changes in Last Glacial and Holocene terrestrial temperatures and sources of organic carbon recorded in the Amazon fan by the MBT/CBT continental paleothermometer. G-cubed 11, Q12007, doi:10.1029/2010GC003308. Biton, E., Gildor, H., Trommer, G., Siccha, M., Kucera, M., van der Meer, M.T.J., Schouten, S. Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to monsoonal variability during the Holocene: An integrated data and modelling study. Paleoceanography 25, PA4209, doi:10.1029/2009PA001876. Castaneda I.S., Schefuss E., Patzold J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Weldeab S., and Schouten S. Millennial-scale sea surface temperature changes in the eastern Mediterranean (Nile River Delta region) over the last 27,000 years. Paleoceanography 25, PA1208, doi:10.1029/2009PA001740. Jaeschke A., Abbas B., Zabel M., Hopmans E.C., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Molecular evidence for anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria in continental shelf and slope sediments off northwest Africa. Limnol. Oceanogr. 55, 365–376. Kim J.H., van der Meer J., Schouten S., Helmke P., Willmott V., Sangiorgi F., Koc N., Hopmans E.C., and Sinninghe Damste J.S. New indices and calibrations derived from the distribution of crenarchaeal isoprenoid tetraether lipids: Implications for past sea surface temperature reconstructions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 4639-4654. Kim J.-H., Zarzycka B., Buscail R., Peterse F., Bonnin J., Ludwig W., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Contribution of river-borne soil organic carbon to the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean). Limnol. Oceanogr. 55, 507–518. Lopes dos Santos R., Prange M., Castañeda I.S., Schefuß E., Mulitza S., Schulz M., Niedermeyer E.M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Schouten S. Glacial-interglacial variability in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and thermocline adjustments in the tropical North Atlantic. E.P.S.L. 300, 407-414; doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.10.030 Palmer M.R., Brummer G.J., Cooper M.J., Elderfield H., Greaves M.J., Reichart G.J., Schouten S., Yu J. M. Multi-proxy reconstruction of surface water pCO₂ in the northern Arabian Sea since 29 ka. Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett. 295, 49-57. Park B-J., Park S-J., Yoon D-N., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., and Rhee S-K. Cultivation of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing archaea from marine sediments in co-culture with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 76, 7575-7587. Peterse F., Nicol G.W., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Influence of soil pH on the abundance and distribution of core and intact polar lipid-derived branched GDGTs in soil. Org. Geochem. 41, 1171-1175. Pitcher A., Rychlik N., Hopmans E.C., Spieck E., Rijpstra W.I.C., Ossebaar J., Schouten S., Wagner M., and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Crenarchaeol dominates the membrane lipids of Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis, a thermophilic Group I. 1b Archaeon. Isme Journal 4, 542-552. Powers L., Werne J.P., Vanderwoude A.J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Hopmans E.C., and Schouten S. Applicability and calibration of the TEX₈₆ paleothermometer in lakes. Org. Geochem. 41, 404-413. Rampen S.W., Abbas B., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. A comprehensive study of sterols in marine diatoms (Bacillariophyta): Implications for their use as tracers for diatom productivity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 55, 91-105. Rattray J.E., van de Vossenberg J., Jaeschke A., Hopmans E.C., Wakeham S.G., Lavik G., Kuypers M.M.M., Strous M., Jetten M.S.M., Schouten S., and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Impact of temperature on ladderane lipid distribution in anammox bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 76, 1596-1603. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., van Bentum E.C., Reichart G.J., Pross J., and Schouten S. A CO₂ decrease-driven cooling and increased latitudinal temperature gradient during the mid-Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2. Earth. Planet. Sc. Lett. 293, 97-103. Schouten S., Middelburg J.J., Hopmans E.C., and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Fossilization and degradation of intact polar lipids in deep subsurface sediments: A theoretical approach. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 74, 3806-3814. Stap, L., Lourens, L., van Dijk, A., Schouten, S., Thomas, E. Coherent pattern and timing of the carbon isotope excursion and warming during Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 as recorded in planktic and benthic foraminifera. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 11, Q11011, doi:10.1029/2010GC003097. Trommer G., Siccha M., Rohling E.J., Grant K., Van der Meer M.T.J., Schouten S., Hemleben C., and Kucera M. Millennial-scale variability in Red Sea circulation in response to Holocene insolation forcing. Paleoceanography 25, PA3203doi:10.1029/2009PA001826. Van der Meer M.T.J., Klatt C.G., Wood J., Bryant D.A., Bateson M.M., Lammerts L., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Madigan M.T., and Ward D.M. Cultivation and genomic, nutritional, and lipid biomarker characterization of Roseiflexus strains closely related to predominant in situ populations inhabiting Yellowstone hot spring microbial mats. J. Bacteriol. 192, 3033-3042. Willmott V., Rampen S.W., Domack E., Canals M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. Holocene changes in Proboscia diatom productivity in shelf waters of the North Western Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic Science 22, 3–10.

2009


Bauersachs T., Compaoré J., Hopmans E.C., Stal L.J., Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Distribution of heterocyst glycolipids in cyanobacteria. Phytochem. 70, 2034–2039. Bauersachs T., Hopmans E.C., Compaoré J., Stal L.J., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Rapid analysis of long-chain glycolipids in heterocystous cyanobacteria using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrometry 23, 1387-1394. Bauersachs T., Kremer B., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. A biomarker and d¹⁵N study of thermally altered Silurian cyanobacterial mats. Org. Geochem.40, 149-157. Bauersachs T., Schouten S., Compaoré J., Wollenzien U., Stal L.J. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Nitrogen isotopic fractionation associated with growth on dinitrogen gas and nitrate by cyanobacteria. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 1403-1411. Bijl P.K, Schouten S., Sluijs A., Reichart G.J., Zachos J.C. and Brinkhuis, H. Early Palaeogene temperature evolution of the Southwest Pacific Ocean. Nature 461, 776-779. Boumann H.A., Longo M.L., Stroeve P., Poolman B., Hopmans E.C., Stuart M.C.A. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Schouten, S. Biophysical properties of membrane lipids of anammox bacteria: I. Ladderane phospholipids form highly organized fluid membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembranes 1788, 1444-1451. Boumann H.A., Stroeve P., Longo M.L., Poolman B., Kuiper J.M., Hopmans E.C., Jetten M.S.M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. Biophysical properties of membrane lipids of anammox bacteria: II. Impact of temperature and bacteriohopanoids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta-Biomembranes 1788, 1452-1457. Castañeda I.S., Mulitza S., Schefuß E., Lopes dos Santos R.A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten, S. Wet phases in the Sahara/Sahel region and human migration patterns in North Africa. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. USA, doi:10.1073/pnas.0905771106. Castañeda I.S., Schefuss E., Patzold J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Weldeab S. and Schouten S. Millennial-scale sea surface temperature changes in the Eastern Mediterranean (Nile River Delta Region) over the last 27,000 years. Paleoceanogr., doi:10.1029/2009PA001740. Donders T.H., Weijers J.W.H., Munsterman D.K., Hoeve M.L.K.V., Buckles L.K., Pancost R.D., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Brinkhuis H. Strong climate coupling of terrestrial and marine environments in the Miocene of northwest Europe. Earth Plan. Science Lett. 281, 215-225. Ellen A.F., Albers S.-V., Huibers W., Pitcher A., Hobel C.F.V., Schwarz H., Folea M., Schouten S., Boekema E.J., Poolman B. and Driessen, A.J.M. Proteomic analysis of secreted membrane vesicles of archaeal Sulfolobus species reveals the presence of endosome sorting complex components. Extremophiles 13, 67-79. Herfort L., Kim J.H., Coolen M.J.L., Abbas B., Schouten S., Herndl G.J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Diversity of Archaea and detection of crenarchaeotal amoA genes in the rivers Rhine and Tet. Aquatic Microbial Ecol. 55, 189-201. Hollis C.J., Handley L., Crouch E.M., Morgans H.E.G., Baker J.A., Creech J., Collins K.S., Gibbs S.J., Huber M., Schouten S., Zachos J.C. and Pancost, R.D. Tropical sea temperatures in the high-latitude South Pacific during the Eocene. Geology 37, 99-102. Huguet C., Kim J.-H., de Lange G.J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. Effects of long-term oxic degradation on the Uk'₃₇, TEX₈₆ and BIT organic proxies. Org. Geochem. 40, 1188-1194. Jaeschke A., Op den Camp H.J.M., Harhangi H., Klimiuk A., Hopmans E.C., Jetten M.S.M., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. 16S rRNA gene and lipid biomarker evidence for anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (anammox) in California and Nevada hot springs. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 67, 343-350. Jaeschke A., Rooks C., Trimmer M., Nicholls J.C., Hopmans E.C., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Comparison of ladderane phospholipid and core lipids as indicators for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) in marine sediments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 2077-2088. Jaeschke A., Ziegler M., Hopmans E.C., Reichart G.J., Lourens L.J, Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Molecular fossil evidence for anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the Arabian Sea over the last glacial cycle. Paleoceanography 24, PA2202, doi:10.1029/2008PA001712. Jagersma G.C., Meulpas R.J.W., Heikamp-de Jong I., Gieteling J., Klimiuk A., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Lens P.N.L. and Stams A.J.M. Microbial diversity and community structure of a highly active anaerobic methane-oxidizing sulfate-reducing enrichment. Env. Microbiol. 11, 3223–3232. Kim J.H., Buscail R., Bourrin F., Palanques A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Bonnin J. and Schouten S. Transport and depositional process of soil organic matter during wet and dry storms on the Têt inner shelf (NW Mediterranean). Pal. Pal. Pal. 273, 228-238. Kim J.H., Crosta X., Michel E., Schouten S., Duprat J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Impact of lateral transport on organic proxies in the Southern Ocean. Quaternary Res. 71, 246-250. Kim J.H., Huguet C., Zonneveld K.A.F., Versteegh G.J.M., Roeder W., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. An experimental field study to test the stability of lipids used for the TEX₈₆ and U₃₇^K'palaeothermometers. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 2888-2898. Op den Camp H.J.M., Islam T., Stott M.B., Harhangi H.R., Hynes A., Schouten S., Jetten M.S.M., Birkeland N.K., Pol A. and Dunfield P.F. Environmental, genomic, and taxonomic perspectives on methanotrophic Verrucomicrobia. Env. Microbiol. Rep. 1, 293-306. Peterse F., Kim J.H., Schouten S., Kristensen D.K., Koc N. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Constraints on the application of the MBT/CBT palaeothermometer at high latitude environments (Svalbard, Norway). Org. Geochem. 40, 692-699. Peterse F., Schouten S., van der Meer J., van der Meer M.T.J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Distribution of branched tetraether lipids in geothermally heated soils: Implications for the MBT/CBT temperature proxy. Org. Geochem. 40, 201-205. Peterse F., van der Meer M.T.J., Schouten S., Jia G., Ossebaar J., Blokker J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Assessment of soil n-alkane δD and branched tetraether membrane lipid distributions as tools for paleoelevation reconstruction. Biogeosciences Discussion 6, 8609-8631. Pitcher A., Hopmans E.C., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Separation of core and intact polar archaeal tetraether lipids using silica columns: Insights into living and fossil biomass contributions. Org. Geochem. 40, 12-19. Pitcher A., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. In situ production of cren-archaeol in two California hot springs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, 4443-4451. Rampen S.W., Schouten S., Schefuß E. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Impact of temperature on the long-chain diol and mid-chain hydroxy methyl alkanoate composition in Proboscia diatoms: Results from culture and field studies. Org. Geochem. 40, 1124–1131. Rampen S.W., Schouten S., Hopmans E.C., Abbas B., Noordeloos A.A.M., Geenevasen J.A.J., Moldowan J.M., Denisevich P. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Occurrence and biomarker potential of 23-methyl steroids in diatoms and sediments. Org. Geochem. 40, 219-228. Rampen S.W., Schouten S., Hopmans E.C., Abbas B., Noordeloos A.A.M., van Bleijswijk J.D.L., Geenevasen J.A.J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Diatoms as a source for 4-desmethyl-23,24-dimethyl steroids in sediments and petroleum. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 377-387. Rampen S.W., Schouten S., Panoto F.E., Brink M., Andersen R.A., Muyzer G., Abbas B. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Phylogenetic position of Attheya Longicornis and Attheya Septentrionalis (Bacillariophyta). J. Phycol. 45, 444-453. Rampen S.W., Volkman J.K., Hur S.B., Abbas B.A., Schouten S., Jameson I.D., Holdsworth D.G., Bae J.H. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Occurrence of gorgosterol in diatoms of the genus Delphineis. Org. Geochem. 40, 144-147. Rattray J.E., Geenevasen J.A.J., van Niftrik L., Rijpstra W.I.C., Hopmans E.C., Strous M., Schouten S., Jetten M.S.M. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Carbon isotope-labelling experiments indicate that ladderane lipids of anammox bacteria are synthesized by a previously undescribed, novel pathway. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 292, 115-122. Rattray J.E., Strous M., Op den Camp H.J.M., Schouten S., Jetten M.S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. A comparative genomics study of genetic products potentially encoding ladderane lipid biosynthesis. Biology Direct 4:8 doi:10.1186/1745-6150-4-8. Schouten S., Hopmans E.C., van der Meer J., Mets A., Bard E., Bianchi T.S., Diefendorf A., Escala M., Freeman K.H., Furukawa Y., Huguet C., Ingalls A., Menot-Combes G., Nederbragt A.J., Oba M., Pearson A., Pearson E.J., Rosell-Mele A., Schaeffer P., Shah S.R., Shanahan T.M., Smith R.W., Smittenberg R., Talbot H.M., Uchida M., Van Mooy B.A.S., Yamamoto M., Zhang Z.H. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. An interlaboratory study of TEX₈₆ and BIT analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. G-Cubed 10, Q03012, doi:10.1029/2008GC002221. Schouten S., Klimiuk A.M., van der Meer M.T.J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Occurrence and carbon metabolism of green nonsulfur-like bacteria in Californian and Nevada hot spring microbial mats as revealed by wax ester lipid analysis. Geomicrobiology J. 26, 179-188. Seki O., Sakamoto T., Sakai S., Schouten S., Hopmans E.C., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Pancost R.D. Large changes in seasonal sea ice distribution and productivity in the Sea of Okhotsk during the deglaciations. G-Cubed 10, Q10007, doi:10.1029/2009GC002613. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Ossebaar J., Abbas B., Schouten S. and Verschuren D. Fluxes and distribution of tetraether lipids in an equatorial African lake: Constraints on the application of the TEX₈₆ palaeothermometer and BIT index in lacustrine settings. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 4232-4249. Sluijs A., Schouten S., Donders T.H., Schoon P.L., Röhl U., Reichart G.J., Sangiorgi, F. Kim J.-H., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Brinkhuis H. Warm and wet conditions in the Arctic region during Eocene Thermal Maximum 2. Nature Geosciences 2, 777-780. Trommer G., Siccha M., van der Meer M.T.J., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Schulz H., Hemleben C. and Kucera, M. Distribution of Crenarchaeota tetraether membrane lipids in surface sediments from the Red Sea. Org. Geochem. 40, 724-731. Weijers J.W.H., Panoto E., van Bleijswijk J., Schouten S., Rijpstra W.I.C., Balk M., Stams A.J.M. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Constraints on the biological source(s) of the orphan branched tetraether membrane lipids. Geomicrobiology J. 26, 402-414. Weijers J.W.H., Schouten S., Schefuss E., Schneider R.R. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Disentangling marine, soil and plant organic carbon contributions to continental margin sediments: A multi-proxy approach in a 20,000 year sediment record from the Congo deep-sea fan. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 119-132. Willmott V., Rampen S.W., Domack E., Canals M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. Holocene changes in Proboscia diatom productivity in shelf waters of the North Western Antarctic Peninsula. Ant. Sc., doi:10.1017/ 095410200999037X.

2008

Beckmann B., Hofmann P., Marz C., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Wagner T. Coniacian-Santonian deep ocean anoxia/euxinia inferred from molecular and inorganic markers: Results from the Demerara Rise (ODP Leg 207). Org. Geochem. 39, 1092-1096. Bornemann A., Norris R.D., Friedrich O., Beckmann B., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Vogel J., Hofmann P. and Wagner T. Isotopic evidence for glaciation during the Cretaceous supergreenhouse. Science 319, 189-192. Burgess C.E., Pearson P.N., Lear C.H., Morgans H.E.G., Handley L., Pancost R.D. and Schouten S. Middle Eocene climate cyclicity in the southern Pacific: Implications for global ice volume. Geology 36, 651-654. Coolen M.J.L., Talbot H.M., Abbas B.A., Ward C., Schouten S., Volkman J.K. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Sources for sedimentary bacteriohopanepolyols as revealed by 16S rDNA stratigraphy. Environ. Microbiol. 10, 1783-1803. Handley L., Hollis C., Crouch E., Schouten S., Huber M., Morgans H., Pearson P., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Burgess C. and Pancost R.D. Integrated biomarker records reveal complex and dramatic changes in high latitude climate during the Paleogene. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, A349. Hofmann P., Stüsser I., Wagner T., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Climate-Ocean coupling off North-West Africa during the Lower Albian: The Oceanic Anoxic Event 1b. Palaeogeograph. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 262, 157-165. Huguet C., de Lange G.J., Middelburg J.J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten, S. Selective preservation of soil organic matter in oxidized marine sediments (Madeira Abyssal Plain). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 6061-6068. Jaeschke A., Lewan M.D., Hopmans E.C., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Thermal stability of ladderane lipids as determined by hydrous pyrolysis. Org. Geochem. 39, 1735-1741. Kim J.H., Buscail R., Bzarzycka B., Kerherve P., Peterse F., Schouten S., Ludwig W. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Tracking soil organic matter export across the continent-ocean interface: A case study of the NW Mediterranean using the BIT index. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, A472. Kim J.-H., Schouten S., Hopmans E.C., Donner B. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Global sediment core-top calibration of the TEX₈₆ paleothermometer in the ocean. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 1154-1173. Palmer M.R., Brummer G.J., Cooper M.J., Elderfield H., Greaves M.J., Reichart G.J., Schouten S. and Yu J.M. Multi-proxy reconstruction of surface water pCO₂ in the northern Arabian Sea since 29 ka. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, A720. Rattray J.E., van de Vossenberg J., Hopmans E.C., Kartal B., van Niftrik L., Rijpstra W.I.C., Strous M., Jetten M.S.M., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Ladderane lipid distribution in four genera of anammox bacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 190, 51-66. Sangiorgi F., Brumsack H.J., Willard D.A., Schouten S., Stickley C.E., O'Regan M., Reichart G.J., Sinninghe Damste J.S. and Brinkhuis H. A 26 million year gap in the central Arctic record at the greenhouse-icehouse transition: Looking for clues. Paleoceanography 23 PA1S04. doi:10.1029/2007PA001477. Sangiorgi F., van Soelen E.E., Spofforth D.J.A., Palike H., Stickley C.E., John K.S., Koc N., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damste J.S. and Brinkhuis H. Cyclicity in the middle Eocene central Arctic Ocean sediment record: Orbital forcing and environmental response. Paleoceanography 23 PA1S08. doi:10.1029/2007PA001487. Schouten S., Baas M., Hopmans E.C. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. An unusual iso-prenoid tetraether lipid in marine and lacustrine sediments. Org. Geochem. 39, 1033-1038. Schouten S., Baas M., Hopmans E.C., Reysenbach A-L and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Tetraether membrane lipids of Candidatus “‘Aciduliprofundum boonei”, a cultivated obligate thermoacidophilic euryarchaeote from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Extremophiles 12, 119-124. Schouten S., Hopmans E.C., Baas M., Boumann H., Standfest S., Könneke M., Stahl D.A. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Intact membrane lipids of Candidatus “Nitrosopumilus maritimus”, a cultivated representative of the cosmopolitan mesophilic Group I Crenarchaeota. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 74, 2433-2440. Schouten S., Eldrett J.S, Greenwood D., Harding I., Baas M. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Onset of long-term cooling of Greenland near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary as revealed by branched tetraether lipids. Geology 36, 147-150. Schouten S., Özdirekcan S., Van der Meer M. T.J., Blokker P., Baas M., Hayes J.M. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Evidence for substantial intramolecular heterogeneity in the stable carbon isotopic composition of phytol in photoautotrophic organisms. Org. Geochem. 39, 135-146. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Kuypers M.M.M., Pancost R.D. and Schouten, S. The carbon isotopic response of algae, (cyano)bacteria, archaea and higher plants on the late Cenomanian perturbation of the global carbon cycle: Insights from biomarkers in black shales from the Cape Verde Basin (DSDP Site 367). Org. Geochem. 39, 1703-1718. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Ossebaar J., Schouten S. and Verschuren D. Altitudinal shifts in the branched tetraether lipid distribution in soil from Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania): Implications for the MBT/CBT continental palaeothermometer. Org. Geochem. 39, 1072-1076. Sluijs A., Rohl U., Schouten S., Brumsack H.J., Sangiorgi F., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Brinkhuis H. Arctic late Paleocene-early Eocene paleoenvironments with special emphasis on the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (Lomonosov Ridge, Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 302). Paleoceanography 23. PA1S11, doi:10.1029/2007PA001495. Van der Meer M.T.J., Baas M., Sangiorgni F., Brinkhuis H., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. Molecular isotopic and dinoflagellate evidence for Late Holocene freshening of the Black Sea. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 267, 426-434. Van der Meer M.T.J., Lammerts L., Skirnisdottir S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. Distribution and isotopic composition of bacterial lipid biomarkers in microbial mats from a sulfidic Icelandic hot spring. Org. Geochem. 39, 1015-1019. Van Dongen B.E., Roberts A.P., Schouten S., Jiang W.T., Florindo F. and Pancost R.D. Formation of iron sulfide nodules during anaerobic oxidation of methane (vol 71, pg 5155, 2007). Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 1256. Wagner T., Herrle J.O., Sinninghe Damste J.S., Schouten S., Stusser I. and Hofmann P. Rapid warming and salinity changes of Cretaceous surface waters in the subtropical North Atlantic. Geology 36, 203-206. Werne J.P., Lyons T.W., Hollander D.J., Schouten S., Hopmans E.C. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Investigating pathways of diagenetic organic matter sulfurization using compound-specific sulfur isotope analysis. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 3489-3502.
2007

Coolen M.J.L., Volkman J.K., Abbas B., Rijpstra W.I.C, Muyzer G., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Identification of organic matter sources in sulfidic Late Holocene Antarctic fjord sediments from fossil rDNA sequence analysis. Paleoceanography 22, PA2211, doi:10.1029/2006PA001309. Forster A., Schouten S., Baas M. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Santonian) sea surface temperature record of the tropical Atlantic Ocean Geology 35, 919-922. Forster A., Schouten S., Moriya K., Wilson P.A. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Tropical warming and intermittent cooling during the Cenomanian/Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event (OAE 2): Sea surface temperature records from the equatorial Atlantic. Paleoceanography 22, PA1219, doi:10.1029/2006PA001349. Huguet C., Schimmelmann A., Thunell R., Lourens L.J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten S. A study of the TEX86 paleothermometer in the water column and sediments of the Santa Barbara Basin, California. Paleoceanography 22, PA3203, 10.1029/2006PA001310. Jaeschke A., Hopmans E.C., Wakeham S.G., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. The presence of ladderane lipids in the oxygen minimum zone of the Arabian Sea indicates nitrogen loss through anammox. Limnol. Oceanogr. 82, 780-786. Kartal B., Rattray J., van Niftrik L., van de Vossenberg J.L.C.M, Schmid M.C., Webb R.I., Schouten S., Fuerst J.A., Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Jetten M.S.M. and Strous M. Candidatus "Anammoxoglobus propionicus" gen. nov., sp. Nov., a new propionate species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 30, 39-49. Kim J.-H., Ludwig W., Schouten S., Kerhervé P., Herfort L., Bonnin J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Impact of flood events on the transport of terrestrial organic matter to the ocean: A study of the Têt River (SW France) using the BIT index. Org. Geochem. 38, 1593 – 1606. Kulichevskaya, I.S., Ivanova, A.O., Belova, S.E., Baulina, O.I., Bodelier, P.L.E., Rijpstra, W.I.C., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Zavarzin, G.A., Dedysh, S.N. Schlesneria paludicola gen. nov., sp. nov., the first acidophilic member of the Order Planctomycetales from Sphagnum – dominated boreal wetlands. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 57, 2680-2687; doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65157-0. Marino G.M., Rohling E., Rijpstra W.I.C., Sangiorgi F., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Response of Aegean Sea deep-water formation to changes in hydrological forcing. Geology 35, 675-678. Mollenhauer G., Inthorn M., Vogt T., Zabel M., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Eglinton T.I. Aging of marine organic matter during cross – shelf lateral transport in the Benguela upwelling system revealed by compound – specific radiocarbon dating. G cubed 8, Q09004, doi:10.1029/2007GC001603. Pearson P.N., van Dongen B.E., Nicholas C.J., Pancost R.D., Schouten S., Singano J.M. and Wade B.S. Stable warm tropical climate through the Eocene epoch. Geology 35, 211-214. Rampen S.W., Schouten S., Abbas B., Panoto F.E., Muyzer G., Campbell C.N., Fehling J. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. On the origin of 24-norcholestanes and their use as age-diagnostic biomarkers. Geology 35, 419-422. Rampen S.W., Schouten S., Wakeham S.G. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Seasonal and spatial variation in the sources and fluxes of long-chain diols and mid-chain hydroxy methyl alkanoates in the Arabian Sea. Org. Geochem. 38, 165-179. Schouten S., Forster A., Panoto F.E. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Towards the calibration of the TEX86 palaeothermometer for tropical sea surface temperatures in ancient greenhouse worlds. Org. Geochem. 38, 1537-1546. Schouten S, Huguet C., Hopmans E.C. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Improved analytical methodology of the TEX86 paleothermometry by high performance liquid chromatography /atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 79, 2940-2944. Schouten, S., Van der Meer, M.T.J., Hopmans, E.C., Rijpstra, W.I.C., Reysenbach, A-L., Ward, D.M. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Archaeal and bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids in hot springs of Yellowstone National Park (USA). Appl. Env. Microbiol. 73, 6181 – 6191. Schouten S., Woltering M., Rijpstra W.I.C., Sluijs A., Brinkhuis H. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. The Paleocene-Eocene carbon isotope excursion in higher plant organic matter: Differential stable carbon isotopic fractionation of angiosperms and conifers on the Arctic continent. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 258, 581-592. Sinninghe Damsté J.S., Rijpstra W.I.C., Coolen M.J.L., Schouten S. and Volkman J.K. Rapid sulfurisation of highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) alkenes in sulfidic Holocene sediments from Ellis Fjord, Antarctica. Org. Geochem. 38, 128-139. Van Breugel Y., Schouten S., Tsikos H., Erba E., Price G.D. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Synchronous negative carbon isotope shifts in marine and terrestrial biomarkers at the onset of the Aptian oceanic anoxic event-1a: Evidence for the release of methane into the atmosphere. Paleoceanography 22, PA1210, doi:10.1029/2006PA001341. Van der Meer M.T.J., Baas M., Rijpstra W.I.C., Marino G., Rohling E.J., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Schouten, S. Hydrogen isotopic compositions of long – chain alkenones record freshwater flooding of the Eastern Mediterranean at the onset of sapropel deposition. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett. 262, 594 – 600. Van der Meer M.T.J., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. and Ward D.M. Impact of carbon metabolisms on ¹³C signatures of cyanobacteria and green nonsulfur-like bacteria inhabiting a microbial mat from an alkaline siliceous hot spring in Yellowstone National Park (USA). Env. Microbiol. 9, 482-491. Van Dongen B, Roberts A.P., Schouten S., Jiang W.T., Florindo F. and Pancost R.D. Formation of iron sulfide nodules during anaerobic oxidation of methane. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 21, 5155-5167. Weijers J.W.H., Schefuss, E., Schouten S. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Coupled thermal and hydrological evolution of tropical Africa over the last deglaciation. Science 315, 1701-1704. Weijers J.W.H., Schouten S., Sluijs A., Brinkhuis H. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Warm Arctic continents during the Palaeocene-Eocene thermal maximum. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 261, 230-238. Weijers J.W.H., Schouten S., Van den Donker J.C., Hopmans E.C. and Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Environmental controls on bacterial tetraether membrane lipid distribution in soils. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 71, 703-713.

2006

Boumann, H.A., Hopmans, E.C., Op den Camp, H., Strous, M., Jetten, M.S.M., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. and Schouten, S. Ladderane phospolipids in anammox bacteria comprise phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine headgroups. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 258, 297-304. Brinkhuis,H., Schouten,S., Collinson, M.E., Sluijs,A., Sinninghe Damsté,J.S., Dickens,G.R., Huber, M., Cronin,T.M., Onodera,J., Takahashi,K., Bujak,J.P., Stein,R., Van der Burgh,J., Eldrett,J.S., Harding,I.C., Lotter,A.F., Sangiorgi,F., Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert,H., De Leeuw,J.W., Matthiessen,J., Backman,J., Moran,K. and the Expedition 302 Scientists. Episodic fresh surface waters in the Eocene Arctic Ocean. Nature 441, 606-609. Coolen, M.J.L., Muyzer, G., Schouten, S., Volkman, J.K., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Sulfur and methane cycling during the Holocene in Ace Lake (Antarctica) revealed by lipid and DNA stratigraphy. In: Past and Present Water Column Anoxia (L.N. Neretin, ed.), NATO Science Series IV. Earth and Environmental Sciences 64, pp. 41-65, Springer, Dordrecht. Dumitrescu, M., Brassell, S.C., Schouten, S., Hopmans, E.C. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Instability in tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures during the Early Aptian. Geology 34, 833-836. Fang, J., Shizuka, A., Kato, C. and Schouten, S. Microbial diversity of cold-seep sediments in Sagami Bay, Japan, as determined by 16S rRNA gene and lipid analyses. FEMS Microbial Ecology 57, 429-444. Huguet, C., Hopmans, E.C., Febo-Ayala, W., Thompson, D.H., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. and Schouten, S. An improved method to determine the absolute abundance of glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether lipids. Org. Geochem. 37, 1036-1041. Huguet, C., Kim, J.-H., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S and Schouten, S. Reconstruction of sea surface temperature variations in the Arabian Sea over the last 23 kyr using organic proxies (TEX₈₆ and UK₃₇'). Paleoceanography 21, PA3003, 10.1029/2005PA001215. Herfort, L., Schouten, S., Boon, J.P., Woltering, M., Baas, M., Weijers, J. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Characterization of transport and deposition of terrestrial organic matter in the Southern North Sea using the BIT index. Limnol. Oceanogr. 51, 2196-2205. Huguet, C., Cartes, J.E., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. and Schouten, S. Marine cren-archaeotal membrane lipids in decapods: Implications for the TEX₈₆ paleothermometer. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 7, Q11010, doi:10.1029/ 2006GC001305. Hopmans, E.C., Kienhuis, M.V.M., Rattray, J.E., Jaeschke, A., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Improved analysis of ladderane lipids in biomass and sediments using high performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rap. Comm. Mass. Spectr. 20, 2099-2103. Ménot, G., Bard, E., Rostek, F., Weijers, J.W.H., Hopmans, E.C., Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Early reactivation of European rivers during the last deglaciation. Science 313, 1623-1625. Menzel, D., Hopmans, E.C., Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Membrane tetraether lipids of planktonic Crenarchaeota in Pliocene sapropels of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 239, 1-15. Pagani, M., N. Pedentchouk, N., Huber, M., Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., Brinkhuis, H., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Dickens, G.R. and the Expedition 302 Scientists. Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 442, 671-675. Pancost, R.D., Pressley, S., Coleman, J.M., Talbot, H.M., Kelly, S.P., Farrimond, P., Schouten, S., Benning, L. and Mountain, B.W. Composition and implications of diverse lipids in New Zealand Geothermal sinters. Geobiology 4, 71-92. Raghoebarsing, A.A., Pol, A., Van de Pas-Schoonen, K.T., Smolders, A.J.P., Ettwig, K.F., Rijpstra, W.I.C., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Op den Camp, H.J.M., Jetten, M.S.M., Strous, M. A microbial consortium couples anaerobic methane oxidation to denitrification. Nature 440, 918-921. Reysenbach, A-L., Liu, Y., Banta, A.B., Beveridge, T.J., Kirshtein, J.D., Schouten, S., Tivey, M.K., Von Damm, K., Voytek, M.A. A ubiquitous thermoacidophilic archaeon from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Nature 442, 444-447. Schouten, S., Ossebaar, J., Schreiber, K., Kienhuis, M.V.M., Langer, G., Benthien, A., Bijma, J. The effect of temperature, salinity and growth rate on the stable hydrogen isotopic composition of long chain alkenones produced by Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica. Biogeosciences 3, 113-119. Sluijs, A., Schouten, S., Pagani, M., Woltering, M., Brinkhuis, H., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S., Dickens, G.R., Huber, M., Reichart, G.-J., Stein, R., Matthiessen, J., Lourens, L.J., Pedentchouk, N., Backman, J., Moran, K. and the Expedition 302 Scientists. Subtropical Arctic Ocean temperatures during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum. Nature 441, 610-613. Smittenberg, R.H., Eglinton, T.I., Schouten, S., Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Ongoing buildup of refractory organic carbon in boreal soils during the Holocene. Science 314, 1283-1286. Van Breugel, Y., Schouten, S., Paetzel, M. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Seasonal variation in the stable carbon isotopic composition of algal lipids in a shallow anoxic fjord: evaluation of the effect of recycling of respired CO₂ on the d¹³C of organic matter. Am. J. Sci. 306, 367-387. Van Breugel, Y., Baas, M. Schouten, S., Mattioli, E. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Isorenieratane record in black shales from the Paris Basin, France: Constraints on recycling of respired CO2 as a mechanism for negative carbon isotope shifts during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event. Paleoceanography 21, PA4220, doi:10.1029/ 2006PA001305. Van Dongen, B.E., Talbot, H.M., Schouten, S., Pearson, P. and Pancost, R.D. Well preserved Palaeogene and Cretaceous biomarkers from the Kilwa area, Tanzania. Org. Geochem. 37, 539-557. Van Dongen, B.E., Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Preservation of carbohydrates through sulfurization in a Jurassic euxinic shelf sea: Examination of the Blackstone Band TOC-cycle in the Kimmeridge Clay Formation, UK. Org. Geochem. 37, 1052-1073. Weijers, J.W.H, Schouten, S., Hopmans, E.C., Geenevasen, J.A.J., David, O.R.P., Coleman, J., Pancost, R.D. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Membrane lipids of mesophilic anaerobic bacteria thriving in peats have typical archaeal traits. Environ. Microbiol. 8, 648-657. Weijers, J.W.H., Schouten, S., Spaargaren, O. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Occurrence and distribution of tetraether membrane lipids in soils: Implications for the use of the TEX₈₆ proxy and the BIT index. Org. Geochem. 3, 1680-1693, doi:10.1016/j. orggeochem.2006.07.018. Wuchter, C., Abbas, B., Coolen, M.J.L., Herfort, L., Van Bleijswijk, J., Timmers, P., Strous, M., Teira, E., Herndl, G.J., Middelburg, J.J., Schouten, S. and Sinninghe Damsté, J.S. Archaeal nitrification in the ocean. Proc. Nat. Ac. Sci. USA 103, 12317-12322. Zachos, J.C., Schouten, S., Bohaty, S., Quattlebaum, T., Sluijs, A., Brinkhuis, H., Gibbs, S. and Bralower, T. Extreme warming of mid-latitude coastal ocean during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum: Inferences from TEX₈₆ and isotope data. Geology 34, 737-740.