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EMPLOYMENT

2013 -

Board member Waddenacademie KNAW, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands

2000 -

Senior scientist at the Department of Marine Ecology at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands

2000 - 2010

Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Sea Research at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands

1994 - 2000

PostDoc at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Marine Ecology, Texel, The Netherlands

1994 - 2000

Editor of the Journal of Sea Research at the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands

1991 - 1994

PostDoc at the Institute for Forestry and Nature Research, Department of Marine Ecology, Texel, The Netherlands

1986 - 1990

PhD student at the Agricultural University, Department of Water Quality Management and Aquatic Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands

 

RESEARCH INTERESTS

In shallow seas, such as the Wadden Sea, phytoplankton and microphytobenthos are at the base of the food chain and are the source of food for most other marine organisms. The carrying capacity of ecosystems in terms of biomass per trophic level is highly dependent on the production, abundance, timing and assemblage composition of microscopic algae. For the Wadden Sea, our statistical analyses of long-term (almost 40 yrs) field observations indicate that changes in nutrient loads were followed by changes in biomass, in species composition, and in the productivity of phytoplankton. Spatially and temporally scattered observations to date on primary production and biomass of higher trophic levels suggest that the carrying capacity of coastal ecosystems, such as the Wadden Sea, is largely under bottom-up control, i.e. photosynthesis.

The main aim of my research is to study the trophic interactions between the main primary producers (phytoplankton and microphytobenthos) and primary consumers (bivalves) of shallow temperate coastal waters such as the Wadden Sea. The research is performed by means of various techniques such as automated monitoring networks, field surveys, remote sensing (airborne and satellite) techniques and laboratory experiments under controlled environmental conditions. Collection of field data and testing of mechanistic views on structuring factors of primary production and consumption in shallow coastal waters is performed within several interdisciplinary projects performed together with national and international partners.

In addition, I am very much interested in communicating scientific knowledge on seas and oceans for the understanding and sustainability of our planet and am, therefore, involved in national and international projects with regard to outreach and in education of marine sciences. While the Wadden Sea has been my primary study area, my research has included studies within the North Sea, Venice Lagoon, Banc d’Arguin and Patagonian Shelf.

The key objectives of my research projects are to:

1. Initiate and maintain an infrastructure for long-term monitoring in the western Wadden Sea, to be expanded and connected to cover the international Wadden Sea when successful;
2. Collect high-quality data on factors and processes controlling benthic and pelagic primary production, using proven technology;
3. Complement automated measurements with field surveys, experimental assessments, and remote sensing observations for temporal and spatial interpolations;
4. Determine consequences of variation in quantity, quality and timing in primary producers on growth and development rates of primary consumers, in particular bivalve larvae;
5. Determine size-, species- and state-selective feeding by marine bivalves of various functional groups (e.g., filter- and deposit-feeders) on natural phytoplankton and microphytobenthos communities;
6. Bridge the gap between what is known through scientific research and what policy makers and the public at large know and understand about the marine ecosystems, in particular the impacts of eutrophication and climate change on estuarine systems.

 

RESEARCH TEAM

Post-Docs:

Mark van Dijk – “Development of sensor algorithms for estimating primary production” (IN PLACE; NWO/ZKO) in cooperation with Dr J.C. Kromkamp (NIOZ-Yerseke).

Eelke Folmer – “Defining conceptual models on ecological functioning of the Wadden Sea system” (WaLTER; Waddenfonds) in cooperation with CWSS, IMARES, RUG, RUN & SOVON.

PhD students & junior scientists:

Annamarie Krieg – “Analyses of factors explaining success and failure in bridging the gap between scientists and policy makers” (SPIRAL; EU FP7) in cooperation with Prof. Dr C.H.R. Heip (NIOZ-Texel).

Viola Lehmpfuhl – “Causes and consequences of selective feeding by juvenile bivalves” as of part of the “Consequences of phosphorus reduction for the dynamic transfer of organic matter” project (P-REDUCE; NWO/ZKO) in cooperation with Prof. Dr P.M.J. Herman (promotor; NIOZ-Yerseke).

Lieke Mulder – “Development of a dynamic biogeochemical sediment nutrient water exchange model” as of part of the “Consequences of phosphorus reduction for the dynamic transfer of organic matter” project (P REDUCE; NWO/ZKO)” in cooperation with Prof. Dr K. Soeteart and Dr J.C. Kromkamp (NIOZ-Yerseke).

Sarina Jung – “Food web model by ecological network analysis (ENA) for a western Wadden Sea ecosystem, the Balgzand area” in cooperation with Dr H.W. van der Veer (NIOZ-Texel) and the Alfred Wegener Institut für Polar und Meeresforschung.

Other team members:

Kirsten Kooijman – sampling and analyses of the long-term field observations on phytoplankton in the western Wadden Sea (IN PLACE; NWO/ZKO) in cooperation with the PlanktonLab (NIOZ-Texel).

Anneke van den Oever – species identification of marine phytoplankton of the western Wadden Sea (IN PLACE; NWO/ZKO) in cooperation with Koeman & Bijkerk (NL)

Ingrid de Raad – assistance project management and PR officer of “WaLTER”.

Monique Veenstra – sampling and analyses field surveys on primary producers in the western Wadden Sea (IN PLACE; NWO/ZKO).

Eric Wagemaakers – design and deployment of an automated monitoring network for primary production (IN PLACE; NWO/ZKO) in cooperation with Physical Oceanography (NIOZ-Texel).

Thalia Watmough – data management of field surveys and automated monitoring information on primary production of coastal waters (IN PLACE; NWO/ZKO).

 

PUBLICATIONS

Ly, J., C.J.M. Philippart & J.C. Kromkamp (submitted) Phosphorus limitation during a spring bloom in a coastal marine ecosystem. Limnology and Oceanography.

Loebl, M., J.E.E. van Beusekom & C.J.M. Philippart (2013) No microzooplankton grazing during a Mediopyxis helysia dominated diatom bloom. Journal of Sea Research (in press).

Philippart, C.J.M., C.H.R. Heip, J.B. Calewaert & N. McDonough (2012) Impacts of climate change on the marine environment. IN: Sea the Truth: Essays on Overfishing, Climate Change and Pollution. Nicolaas G. Pierson Foundation, Amsterdam, pp. 27-38.

Philippart, C. J.M., M.S. Salama, J.C. Kromkamp, H.J. van der Woerd, A.F. Zuur & G.C. Cadée (2012) Four decades of variability in turbidity in the western Wadden Sea as derived from corrected Secchi disk readings. Journal of Sea Research (in press).

Brandsma, J., E. C. Hopmans, C.J.M. Philippart, M.J.W. Veldhuis, S. Schouten, & J.S. Sinninghe Damsté (2012) Temporal variations in abundance and composition of intact polar lipids in North Sea coastal marine water, Biogeosciences 9, 1073-1084.

Philippart, C.J.M., A. Amaral, R. Asmus, J. van Bleijswijk, J. Bremner, F. Buchholz, M. Cabanellas-Reboredo, D. Catarino, A. Cattrijsse, F. Charles, T. Comtet, A. Cunha, S. Deudero, J.C. Duchêne, S. Fraschetti, F. Gentil, A. Gittenberger, K. Guizien, J.M. Gonçalves, G. Guarnieri, I. Hendriks, B. Hussel, R. Pinheiro Vieira, B.T. Reijnen, I. Sampaio, E. Serrao, I. Sousa Pinto, E. Thiebaut, F. Viard & A.F. Zuur (2012) Spatial synchronies in the seasonal occurrence of larvae of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis/galloprovincialis) in European coastal waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 108, 52-63.

Philippart, C.J.M., J.C. Kromkamp & P.M.J. Herman (2012) Fytoplankton en microfytobenthos. De Levende Natuur 113, 79-82.

Philippart, C.J.M. & D. Kim (2012) Public Perception of Climate Change. PICES Press 20, 31.

Salama, M.S., R. van der Velde, H.J. van der Woerd, T. Gish, A.T. Joseph, J.C. Kromkamp, R.H. Lang, P.E. O’Neill, C.J.M. Philippart, P.J. Werdell & Z. Su (2012) Calibration and validation of geophysical observation models. Biogeosciences 9, 2195-2201.

Saraiva, S., J. van der Meer, S.A.L.M. Kooijman, R. Witbaard, C.J.M. Philippart, D. Hippler & R. Parker (2012) Validating a DEB model for a blue mussel. Marine Ecology Progress Series 463, 141-158.

Heip, C.H.R., J.J. Middelburg & C.J.M. Philippart (2011) Functioning of Ecosystems at the Land–Ocean Interface. Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science 7, 1-3.

Heip, C., J.B. Calewaert, N. McDonough & C.J.M. Philippart (2011) Climate Change and Marine Ecosystem Research - Synthesis of European Research on the Effects of Climate Change on Marine Environments - Marine Board Special Report. Marine Board – ESF, Ostend, Belgium, 151 pp.

Philippart, C.J.M., R. Anadón, R. Danovaro, J.W. Dippner, K.F. Drinkwater, S.J. Hawkins, T. Oguz, G. O'Sullivan, & P.C. Reid (2011) Impacts of climate change on European marine ecosystems: Observations, expectations and indicators. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 400, 52-69.

Leopold, M.F., C.J.M. Philippart & P. Yorio (2010) Nocturnal Feeding Under Artificial Light by Brown-hooded Gull (Larus maculipennis) in Puerto Madryn Harbour (Chubut Province, Argentina). Hornero 25, 55-60.

Philippart, C.J.M., J.M. van Iperen, G.C. Cadée & A.F. Zuur (2010) Long-term field observations on phytoplankton seasonality in a shallow coastal marine ecosystem, the Wadden Sea. Estuaries and Coasts 33, 286-294.

Philippart, C.J.M. & H.G. Epping (2010) The Wadden Sea: A Coastal Ecosystem under Continuous Change. IN: M.J. Kennish and H.W. Paerl (Eds) Coastal Lagoons: Critical Habitats of Environmental Change. CRC Press - Marine Science Book Series, pp. 399-431.

Beukema, J.J., R. Dekker & C.J.M. Philippart (2010) Long-term variability in bivalve recruitment, mortality, and growth and their contribution to fluctuations in food stocks of shellfish-eating birds. Marine Ecology Progress Series 414, 117-130

Herman, P.M.J., V.N. de Jonge, N. Dankers, B.J. Ens, W.J. Wolff, B. Brinkman, M. Baptist, M.A. van Leeuwe, J.P. Bakker, C.J.M. Philippart, J. Kromkamp, J. van Beusekom, M. van Katwijk, T. Piersma, H.W. van der Veer, E.J. Lammerts, A.P. Oost, J. van der Meer, H.J. Lindeboom, H. Olff & G. Jansen (2009) (Natuur)behoud in een veranderende wereld. Position Paper Ecologie. Waddenacademie Leeuwarden 2009-3.

Loebl, M., F. Colijn, J.E.E van Beusekom., J.G. Baretta-Bekker, C. Lancelot, C.J.M. Philippart, V. Rousseau & K.H. Wiltshire (2009) Recent patterns in potential phytoplankton limitation along the Northwest European continental coast. Journal of Sea Research 61, 34-43.

Dakos, V., E. Benincà, E.H. van Nes, C.J.M. Philippart, M. Scheffer & J. Huisman (2009) Interannual variability in species composition explained as seasonally entrained chaos. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276, 2871-2880. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0584.

Zemmelink, H.J., H.A. Slagter, C. van Slooten, J. Snoek, B. Heusinkveld, J. Elbers, N.J. Bink, W. Klaassen, C.J.M. Philippart & H.J.W. de Baar (2009) Primary production and eddy correlation measurements of CO₂ exchange over an intertidal estuary. Geophysical Research Letters 36, L19606, doi:10.1029/2009GL039285.

Philippart, C.J.M. (2009) Climate change scenarios in the Baltic and North Sea. IN: Bellefontaine N & O. Lindén (Eds) Impacts of climate change on the maritime industry. WMU Publications, Malmö: pp. 103-105.

Philippart, C.J.M. (2009) De KleurRijke Waddenzee. Wadden Magazine.

Philippart, C.J.M. & W. Ekau (2008) Dynamics and vulnerability of marine foodwebs in semi-enclosed systems. In: Urban, E. & S. Greenwood (Eds) PACKMEDS - Dynamics and vulnerability of semi-enclosed marine systems: the integrated effects of changes in sediment and nutrient input from land. Island Press, Washington, pp. 191-208.

Snelgrove, P., M. Flitner, W. Ekau, M. Glaser, H.K. Lotze, C.J.M. Philippart, P. Sompongchaiyakul, E. Yuwono, J. Melillo, M. Meybeck, N. Rabalais, B. Sundby & E. Urban & J. Zhang (2008) Governance and management of ecosystem services in semi-enclosed marine systems. In: Urban, E. & S. Greenwood (Eds) PACKMEDS - Dynamics and vulnerability of semi-enclosed marine systems: the integrated effects of changes in sediment and nutrient input from land. Island Press, Washington, pp. 49-76.

Philippart, C.J.M., R. Anadón, R. Danovaro, J.W. Dippner, K.F. Drinkwater, S.J. Hawkins, T. Oguz, G. O’Sullivan & P.C. Reid (2007) Climate Change Impacts on the European Marine and Coastal Environment – Ecosystem Approach. Position Paper 9 of the Marine Board of the European Science Foundation, Strasbourg, France.

Philippart C.J.M., J.J. Beukema, G.C. Cadée, R. Dekker, P.W. Goedhart, J.M. van Iperen, M.F. Leopold & P.M.J. Herman (2007) Impact of Nutrient Reduction on Coastal Communities. Ecosystems 10, 187-203.

Bos, O.G, C.J.M. Philippart & J. van der Meer (2007) Effects of temporal food limitation on development and mortality of Macoma balthica larvae. Marine Ecology Progress Series 130, 155-162.

Bos, O.G., C.J.M. Philippart, G.C. Cadée & J. van der Meer (2006) Recruitment variation in Macoma balthica: a laboratory examination of the match/mismatch hypothesis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 320, 207–214.

Philippart, C.J.M. & L. Peperzak (2006) Meer schuim, meer schade? Waddenmagazine 41, 17-22.

Hoepffner, N., M.D. Dowell, M. Edwards, S. Fonda-Umani, D.R. Green, B. Greenaway, B. Hansen, C. Heinze, J.M. Leppänen, E. Lipiatou, E. Özsoy, C.J.M. Philippart, W. Salomons, A. Sanchez-Arcilla, W. Schrimpf, C. Schrum, A. Theocharis, M. Tsimplis, F. Veloso Gomes, F. Wakenhut & J.M. Zaldivar (2006) Marine Coastal Dimension of Climate Change in Europe: A Report to the European Water Directors. Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra (Italy), EUR 22554 EN.

Philippart, C.J.M., H.M. van Aken, J.J. Beukema, O.G. Bos, G.C. Cadée & R. Dekker (2003) Climate-related changes in recruitment of the bivalve Macoma balthica. Limnology and Oceanography 48, 2171-2185.

Riisgard, H.U., O. Kinne, T. Fenchel, E. Fee, R. Hesslein, J. Elser, M. Scranton, J. Cole, N. Hairston, E. Canuel, R. Glud, C. Nielsen, P. Beninger, R. Waagbo, G.I. Hemre, G. Hulata, T. Hoisaeter, D. McLusky, R. Kneib, S. Shumway, R. Warwick, L. Hagerman, P.S. Larsen, J. Ott, P.C. Dworschak, F. Boero, J.M. Gili, K. Philippart & M. Seaman (2003) Misuse of the peer-review system: time for countermeasures? Marine Ecology Progress Series 258, 297-309.

Leopold, M.F., C.J.G. van Damme, C.J.M. Philippart & C.J.N. Winter (2001) Otoliths of North Sea Fish [CD-ROM] Fish Identification key by means of otoliths and other hard parts. World Biodiversity Database, ETI Amsterdam.

Philippart, C.J.M. & G.C. Cadée (2000). Was primary production in the western Wadden Sea stimulated by nitrogen? Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 54, 55-62.

Dongen, B.E. van, W.I.C. Rijpstra, C.J.M. Philippart, J.W. de Leeuw, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté (2000) Biomarkers in upper Holocene Eastern North Sea and Wadden Sea sediments. Organic Geochemistry 34, 1533-1543.

Philippart, C.J.M., G.C. Cadée, W. van Raaphorst & R. Riegman (2000) Long-term phytoplankton-nutrient interactions in a shallow coastal sea: algal community structure, nutrient budgets and denitrification potential. Limnology and Oceanography 45, 131-144.

Philippart, C.J.M. & A.C. Smaal (2000) Schelpdierdynamiek, vogels en visserij. Landschap 1, 5-14.

Scholten, M.C.Th., R. Jak, B. Pavoni, A. Sfriso, C.J.M. Philippart & H. de Heij (2000) Benthic Eutrophication Studies. In: P. Lasserre & A. Marzollo (Eds) The Venice Lagoon ecosystem: inputs and interactions between land and sea. Parthenon Publishing, UK, pp 273-288.

Philippart, C.J.M., A.B. Andersin, A.O. Laine, H.J. Lindeboom, G.J. Piet, A.D. Rijnsdorp, H. Von Storch & E. Zorita (2000) Variability within marine ecosystems of northwestern Europe. Final Report EC-DGXIV Research Contract FAIR\95\710. NIOZ-Report 2000-3: 110 pp.

Philippart, C.J.M. & N. Dankers (2000) Dynamics of benthic fauna in the Venice Lagoon. In: P. Lasserre & A. Marzollo (Eds) The Venice Lagoon ecosystem: inputs and interactions between land and sea. Parthenon UK, pp. 301-314.

Cadée, G.C. & C.J.M. Philippart (1998) Veranderingen in het phytoplankton van het Marsdiep, het meest westelijke zeegat van de Waddenzee in de periode 1974-1994. Diatomededelingen 21, 47-48.

Raaphorst, W. van, C.J.M. Philippart, J.P.C. Smit, F.J. Dijkstra & J.F.P. Malschaert (1998) Distribution of suspended particulate matter in the North Sea as inferred from NOAA/VHRR reflection images and in situ observations. Journal of Sea Research 39, 197-215.

Philippart, C.J.M (1998) Long-term impact of bottom fisheries on by-catch species of demersal fish and benthic invertebrates. ICES Journal of marine Science 55, 342-352.

Philippart, C.J.M., P.A. Henderson, T. Johannessen, A.D. Rijnsdorp & S.I. Rogers (1998) Latitudinal variation in fish recruits in Northwest Europe. Journal of Sea Research 39, 69-77.

Philippart, C.J.M. & P.M.J. Herman (1998) Multivariate analyse van fytoplankton tijdseries: een pilot-study naar de geschiktheid van de structuur van de algengemeenschap als graadmeter voor het ecologisch functioneren van de Noordzee. RWS rapport, 36 pp.

Rumohr, H., S. Ehrich, R. Knust, T. Kujawski, C.J.M. Philippart & A. Schroeder (1998) Long-term trends in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates. In: H.J. Lindeboom & S.J. de Groot (Eds) IMPACT-II: The effects of different types of fisheries on the North Sea and Irish Sea benthic ecosystems (AIR2-CT94-1664). NIOZ-Report 1998-1; RIVO-DLO Report C003/98.

Eisma, D., P.L. de Boer, G.C. Cadée, K. Dijkema, C.J.M. Philippart & H. Ridderinkhof (1998) Intertidal deposits: river mouths, tidal flats and coastal lagoons. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 525 pp.

Bot, P.V.M., W. van Raaphorst, S. Batten, R.W.P.M. Laane, C.J.M. Philippart, G. Radach, A. Frohse, H. Schultz, D. van den Eynde & F. Colijn (1996) Comparison of changes in the annual variability of the seasonal cycles of chlorophyll, nutrients and zooplankton at eight locations on the northwest European continental shelf (1960-1994). German Journal on Hydrography 48, 349-364.

Philippart, C.J.M., H.J. Lindeboom, J. van der Meer, H.W. van der Veer & J.IJ. Witte (1996) Long-term fluctuations of fish recruits and their environment in the western Wadden Sea. ICES Journal of marine Science 53, 1120-1129.

De Vries, I., C.J.M. Philippart, E.G. DeGroodt & M.W.M. van der Tol (1996) Coastal eutrophication and marine benthic vegetation: A model analysis. In: Schramm, W. & P.H. Nienhuis (Eds) Marine benthic vegetation: Recent changes and the effects of eutrophication. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. Ecological Studies 123, 79-113.

Philippart, C.J.M. (1995) Effects of shading on the growth, biomass and population maintenance of the intertidal seagrass Zostera noltii Hornem. in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Journal of experimental marine Biology and Ecology 188, 199-213.

Philippart, C.J.M. (1995) Effect of periphyton grazing by Hydrobia ulvae on the growth of Zostera noltii on a tidal flat in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Marine Biology 122, 431-437.

Philippart, C.J.M. (1995) Seasonal variation of an intertidal Zostera noltii dominated community in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 33, 205-218.

Philippart C.J.M. & K.S. Dijkema (1995) Wax and wane of Zostera noltii Hornem. in the Dutch Wadden Sea. Aquatic Botany 49, 255-268.

Brinkman, A.G., C.J.M. Philippart & A. Zuur (1995) Model methods of mesocosm experimental methods. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 49, 771-784.

Philippart, C.J.M. (1994) Interactions between Arenicola marina and Zostera noltii on a tidal flat in the Wadden Sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 111, 251-257.

Brinkman, A.G., C.J.M. Philippart & G. Holtrop (1994) Mesocoms and ecosystem modelling. Vie & Milieu 44, 29-37.

Vermaat J.E., J.A.J. Beijer, M.J.M. Hootsmans, C.J.M. Philippart, N.W. van den Brink & W. van Vierssen (1993) Leaf dynamics and standing stocks of intertidal Zostera noltii Hornem. and Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson on the Banc d'Arguin (Mauritania). Hydrobiologia 258, 59-72.

Philippart, C.J.M., K.S. Dijkema & J. van der Meer (1992) Wadden Sea seagrasses: where and why? Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Publication Series 20, 177-191.