Theo Gerkema

A day in the life of the Vlie: measurements on suspended sediment transport

With every flood and ebb, vast amounts of water and suspended sediment are moved in and out of the Wadden Sea. In the western part of the Wadden Sea, two inlets are predominant in terms of tidal prism (mean tidal volumes): the Marsdiep and the Vlie. The Marsdiep has been extensively studied in recent years, notably by using the data collected from the TESO ferry. By comparison, the Vlie has received slight attention. In particular, little is known about the transport of Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) through the Vlie. For this reason, we decided to carry out two pilot campaigns with the NIOZ R/V Navicula, making 13h measurements on 22 March and 15 May 2012 over a transect across the Vlie Inlet. The results are presented in this talk.

On both occasions, concentrations of suspended sediment were found to rise during late ebb, and to decline during early flood. This suggests that the transports over the tidal cycle amount by and large to a reshuffling of suspended sediment within the tidal basin, rather than to an exchange between North Sea and Wadden Sea. Net imports cannot be reliably determined, partly as a result of the aperiodic nature of the tide. Alternative methods are discussed. The temporal and spatial characteristics of suspended sediment transport in the Vlie, as found here, can help validate numerical models on suspended sediment transport, which are presently being implemented.

The down and the dirty: Assessing the fate, impacts, and consequences of sedimentary oil deposition in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil-well blowout

David Hollander

During the 84-day Deepwater Horizon (DwH) oil-well blowout in the northern Gulf of Mexico, selective partitioning of gaseous, aqueous soluble and insoluble petroleum components and dispersants resulted in the formation of large sub-surface oil plumes/intrusions, the widespread occurrence of surface oil slicks and sheens and the delivery of enormous volumes of oil associated-flocculent material to the underlying coastal and deep-sea sediments. The primary hypotheses that can account for sedimentary oil deposition include, 1) direct contact between the sediments and subsurface oil plumes (“toxic bath-tub ring”) and 2) intense aggregation/flocculation and sinking of oil-associated surface particles (the “dirty blizzard”) including the incorporation of sinking of pyrogenic petroleum components and terrestrially-derived components (lithic and organics) associated with the opening of the Mississippi River flood gates. Recent findings of impacted planktic and deep-marine benthic ecosystems throughout the Gulf, including the long-term toxicity and mutagenicity of marine phytoplankton and bacteria, the death of deep-sea corals, the widespread die-off of benthic foraminifera, the anomalous occurrence of non-bioturbated deep-marine sediments and the continuing PAH contamination of benthic-dependent fish species with all suggesting that sedimentary oil deposition and ecologic impacts are related and protracted. This talk provides a retrospective and overview on the fates and continuing impacts of the DwH oil-well blowout and proposes a research strategy developed through C-IMAGE (Center for Integrated Modeling and Analysis of the Gulf Ecosystem, a Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) funded center) to better understand and predict the physio-chemical, biological and geological consequences of future deep-water oil-well blowouts.

Marck Smit et al

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Meinard Tiessen

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Matias Matute

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Matthijs van der Geest

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Sebastian Rampen

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Furu Mienis

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Jelle Bijma

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Sequential carrying capacities of tidal systems along the East-Atlantic Flyway

To celebrate the PhD defences of Tamar Lok & Matthijs van der Geest

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Lesley Salt

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Astrid Hoogstraten

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Marta Rodrigo

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Douwe Maat

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Kristina Mojica

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